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SATISH-KUMAR, M., SANTOSH, M. (1998) A petrological and fluid inclusion study of calc-silicate–charnockite associations from southern Kerala, India: implications for CO2 influx. Geological Magazine, 135 (1) 27-45 doi:10.1017/s0016756897008145

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Reference TypeJournal (article/letter/editorial)
TitleA petrological and fluid inclusion study of calc-silicate–charnockite associations from southern Kerala, India: implications for CO2 influx
JournalGeological Magazine
AuthorsSATISH-KUMAR, M.Author
SANTOSH, M.Author
Year1998 (January)Volume135
Issue1
PublisherCambridge University Press (CUP)
DOIdoi:10.1017/s0016756897008145Search in ResearchGate
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Mindat Ref. ID257568Long-form Identifiermindat:1:5:257568:5
GUID0
Full ReferenceSATISH-KUMAR, M., SANTOSH, M. (1998) A petrological and fluid inclusion study of calc-silicate–charnockite associations from southern Kerala, India: implications for CO2 influx. Geological Magazine, 135 (1) 27-45 doi:10.1017/s0016756897008145
Plain TextSATISH-KUMAR, M., SANTOSH, M. (1998) A petrological and fluid inclusion study of calc-silicate–charnockite associations from southern Kerala, India: implications for CO2 influx. Geological Magazine, 135 (1) 27-45 doi:10.1017/s0016756897008145
In(1998, January) Geological Magazine Vol. 135 (1) Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Abstract/NotesRecent discovery of wollastonite-bearing calc-silicate

assemblages adjacent to

gneiss–charnockite horizons in the supracrustal terrain

of the Kerala Khondalite Belt, southern India, provides

an opportunity to evaluate the carbonic fluid infiltration

model proposed for charnockite formation.

Petrological and fluid inclusion studies across these horizons

in three representative localities are presented

in this study. The calc-silicate assemblages define peak

metamorphic conditions of ∼800°C at 5 kbar and

define a low aCO2. Adjacent

charnockite assemblages

developed through dehydration involving the breakdown

of garnet, biotite and quartz to produce orthopyroxene under

low aH2O conditions. Retrograde

reactions preserved in the calc-silicate rocks, such as

scapolite–quartz symplectites, and the partial breakdown

of wollastonite previously has been attributed to a near

isothermal decompression during which infiltration

of CO2-rich fluids occurred. Fluid inclusion

studies indicate that the earliest generation of fluids

preserved in the calc-silicate assemblages are aqueous (with

salinity ∼8 wt% NaCl equivalent), consistent with mineral

phase equilibria defining low aCO2.

The estimation of NaCl content in brines coexisting with scapolite,

based on the Cl content of the scapolite, indicates the presence of

up to 20 wt % NaCl during the formation of

scapolite consistent with the saline primary fluid inclusions.

Primary carbonic inclusions occur within the

retrogressed calcite+quartz assemblage after wollastonite,

and are considered to represent the post-peak

metamorphic carbonic fluid infiltration event, synchronous

with the development of charnockites in the

adjacent gneisses. These inclusions have identical

characteristics to those in the charnockites. We envisage

that the Kerala Khondalite Belt fluid regime was largely

internally buffered during the prograde path, and

that CO2 infiltration post-dated peak metamorphism.

Influx of CO2 was mostly structurally controlled, and

occurred along a near-isothermal uplift path. Graphite-bearing

pegmatitic dykes with abundant CO2-rich

inclusions in these localities attest to the transfer of

carbonic fluids through magmatic conduits.


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