Fiske, Richard S., Rose, Timothy R., Swanson, Donald A., Andrews, Benjamin J., Nichols, Alexander R.L. (2019) The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 131 (9) 1537-1554 doi:10.1130/b35063.1
| Reference Type | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Title | The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, USA | ||
| Journal | Geological Society of America Bulletin | ||
| Authors | Fiske, Richard S. | Author | |
| Rose, Timothy R. | Author | ||
| Swanson, Donald A. | Author | ||
| Andrews, Benjamin J. | Author | ||
| Nichols, Alexander R.L. | Author | ||
| Year | 2019 (September 1) | Volume | 131 |
| Issue | 9 | ||
| Publisher | Geological Society of America | ||
| DOI | doi:10.1130/b35063.1Search in ResearchGate | ||
| Generate Citation Formats | |||
| Mindat Ref. ID | 45293 | Long-form Identifier | mindat:1:5:45293:3 |
| GUID | 0 | ||
| Full Reference | Fiske, Richard S., Rose, Timothy R., Swanson, Donald A., Andrews, Benjamin J., Nichols, Alexander R.L. (2019) The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 131 (9) 1537-1554 doi:10.1130/b35063.1 | ||
| Plain Text | Fiske, Richard S., Rose, Timothy R., Swanson, Donald A., Andrews, Benjamin J., Nichols, Alexander R.L. (2019) The Kulanaokuaiki-3 tephra, 900 CE: Products of a remarkably energetic pyroclastic eruption at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, USA. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 131 (9) 1537-1554 doi:10.1130/b35063.1 | ||
| Abstract/Notes | Abstract Eruptions of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, USA, can be more powerful than previously recognized. The Kulanaokuaiki-3 (K-3) eruption, ca. 900 CE, consisted of two episodes that dispersed lithic wall-rock clasts (Episode 1) and dominantly scoria (Episode 2; VEI-3) across >65 km2 southeast of the summit. Dense 12 cm blocks of Episode 1 fell 8–10 km from the summit vent, and 2–4 cm lithic lapilli reached the coastline, 17 km from the vent. The Episode 2 deposit is chemically zoned, indicating orderly eruption from a layered magma body analogous to the 1959 Kīlauea Iki lava lake. Olivine-hosted melt inclusions suggest a magma body within 1 km of the surface. Some Episode 1 lithic clasts have magmatic rinds chemically similar to the early Episode 2 scoria, suggesting a genetic link, although each had a distinct eruption mechanism. Southeastward tephra dispersal counter to NE trade winds implies dispersal by jet-stream winds. The dispersal of lithic clasts in Episode 1 cannot be explained by ballistic trajectories or by transport in a buoyant plume. Calculations instead indicate that a jet from a vent with a minimum diameter of 50 m, a velocity of at least 300 m/s, and a duration of ∼60 s could have lifted the lithic clasts into the jet stream. Isopach and isopleth maps for Episode 2 indicate a subplinian column height of 14–18 km and a duration of 2–3 h, assuming constant flux. The Episode 1 conduit probably intersected or otherwise lowered pressure within a compositionally zoned magma body, triggering eruption of the Episode 2 scoria. | ||
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