Anapaite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Anapaite
Formula:
Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
Green, greenish-white, milky white, colorless; colourless to light green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
2.81
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named by Arthur Sachs in 1902 for the type locality at Anapa, Taman Peninsula, Russia.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
211
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:211:0
IMA Classification of Anapaite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1902
Classification of Anapaite
8.CH.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O < 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O < 1:1
40.2.1.1
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
19.14.14
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Anp | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ana | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Anapaite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Green, greenish-white, milky white, colorless; colourless to light green in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect; on {010}, distinct.
On {001}, perfect; on {010}, distinct.
Density:
2.81 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.81 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Anapaite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.602 nβ = 1.613 nγ = 1.649
2V:
Measured: 52° to 56°, Calculated: 60°
Birefringence:
0.037
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.047
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v marked
Optical Extinction:
X (-119°, 81°); Y (147°, 70°), Z (-6°, 21°)
Pleochroism:
Not Visible
Chemistry of Anapaite
Mindat Formula:
Ca2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Anapaite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.447 Å, b = 6.816 Å, c = 5.898 Å
α = 101.64°, β = 104.24°, γ = 70.76°
α = 101.64°, β = 104.24°, γ = 70.76°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.946 : 1 : 0.865
Unit Cell V:
235.11 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Crystals are tabular to bladed on {110}, modified by {001}, {010}, {100}, {111}, {111}, {011}, to 1 cm. Commonly in rosettes and subparallel aggregates and crusts of crystals; fibrous, and in nodules.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012067 | Anapaite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G (1979) Refinement of the crystal structure of anapaite, Ca2Fe(PO4)2*4H2O: hydrogen bonding and relationships with the bihydrated phase Bulletin de Mineralogie 102 314-318 | 1979 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0015542 | Anapaite | Rumanova I M, Znamenskaya M N (1961) The crystal structure of anapaite Soviet Physics Crystallography 5 650-658 | 1961 | Zhelezny Rog deposit near Anapa, Tamansk peninsula | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.39 Å | (35) |
| 4.551 Å | (35) |
| 3.764 Å | (100) |
| 3.24 Å | (40) |
| 3.188 Å | (45) |
| 3.158 Å | (70) |
| 2.883 Å | (75) |
Comments:
ICDD 34-148
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
Geological Setting:
in lacustrine sediments. Occasionally in late-stage phosphate mineralization in granite pegmatite
Type Occurrence of Anapaite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystallized lamellar or radial masses.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In oolitic iron ore, and in the stems of fossil trees.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Anapaite
Other Language Names for Anapaite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 23 photos of Anapaite associated with Limonite | |
| 15 photos of Anapaite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 3 photos of Anapaite associated with Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| 3 photos of Anapaite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 2 photos of Anapaite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 2 photos of Anapaite associated with Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| 2 photos of Anapaite associated with Realgar | As4S4 |
| 2 photos of Anapaite associated with Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 2 photos of Anapaite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Anapaite associated with Lignite |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CH.05 | Natrowalentaite | [Fe3+0.5Na0.5(H2O)6][NaAs3+2(Fe3+2.33W6+0.67)(PO4)2O7] |
| 8.CH.05 | Walentaite | Fe3+3(P0.84As0.16O4)2(O,OH)6As3+2.56Ca0.42Na0.28Mn2+0.35Fe2+0.30O6.1(OH)0.9(H2O)0.9 |
| 8.CH.05 | Halilsarpite | [Mg(H2O)6][CaAs3+2(Fe3+2.67Mo6+0.33)(AsO4)2O7] |
| 8.CH.15 | Picropharmacolite | Ca4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 11H2O |
| 8.CH.20 | Dittmarite | (NH4)Mg(PO4) · H2O |
| 8.CH.20 | Niahite | (NH4)Mn2+(PO4) · H2O |
| 8.CH.25 | Taranakite | K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O |
| 8.CH.25 | Francoanellite | K3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 8.CH.25 | Macivorite | (NH4)3Al5(PO3OH)6(PO4)2 · 18H2O |
| 8.CH.30 | Schertelite | (NH4)2MgH2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CH.35 | Hannayite | (NH4)2Mg3H4(PO4)4 · 8H2O |
| 8.CH.40 | Hazenite | KNaMg2(PO4)2 · 14H2O |
| 8.CH.40 | Struvite-(K) | KMg(PO4) · 6H2O |
| 8.CH.40 | Struvite | (NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O |
| 8.CH.45 | Rimkorolgite | (Mg,Mn)5(Ba,Sr,Ca)(PO4)4 · 8H2O |
| 8.CH.50 | Bakhchisaraitsevite | Na2Mg5(PO4)4 · 7H2O |
| 8.CH.55 | Smolyaninovite | Co3Fe3+2(AsO4)4 · 11H2O |
| 8.CH.55 | Fahleite | CaZn5Fe3+2(AsO4)6 · 14H2O |
| 8.CH.60 | Barahonaite-(Fe) | (Ca,Cu,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Fe3+2(AsO4)8(OH,Cl)x · nH2O |
| 8.CH.60 | Barahonaite-(Al) | (Ca,Cu,Na,Fe3+,Al)12Al2(AsO4)8(OH,Cl)x · nH2O |
| 8.CH.70 | Epifanovite | NaCaCu5(PO4)4[AsO2(OH)2] · 7H2O |
| 8.CH.75 | Esdanaite-(Ce) | NaMnCe(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
Fluorescence of Anapaite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in HCl and HNO3.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Anapaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-211.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Anapaite
Reference List:
Palache, C. (1933) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 86: 280.
Wolfe, C. W. (1940) Classification of minerals of the type A3(XO4)2·nH2O (concluded) American Mineralogist, 25 (12) 787-809 p.788
Catti, Michele; Ferraris, Giovanni; Ivaldi, Gabriella (1979) Refinement of the crystal structure of anapaite Ca2Fe (PO4)2.4H2O : hydrogen bonding and relationships with the bihydrated phase. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 102 (4). 314-318 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1979.7323
Eeckhout, S.G, Vochten, R, Blaton, N.M, De Grave, E, Janssens, J, Desseyn, H (1998) Thermal stability and dehydration of anapaite. Thermochimica Acta, 320. 223-230 doi:10.1016/s0040-6031(98)00446-8
Localities for Anapaite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bulgaria | |
| Kunov (2004) | |
China | |
| Rao et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Habel (2001) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Aufschluss 1980 (6) |
| Aufschluss 1980 (6) +1 other reference |
| Thomas et al. (2000) |
Greece | |
| M.G. Stamatakis (2001) |
Italy | |
| Cipriani et al. (1974) +4 other references |
| Cipriani et al. (1974) +5 other references | |
| Brizzi et al. (1991) +2 other references |
| Cipriani et al. (1974) +6 other references | |
| Cipriani et al. (1974) +6 other references | |
Malawi/Mozambique/Tanzania | |
| www.uoguelph.ca (2004) | |
New Zealand | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
Russia (TL) | |
| Loczka (1903) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Bech i Borràs et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| Rosell (2014) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
Ukraine | |
| Abramov (1989) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Arbuzov V.A. et al. (1967) | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Shnykov E.F. at al. (1971) |
USA | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
|
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Kerch Peninsula, Crimea, Ukraine