Asbestos
A material that is NOT an approved mineral species
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About Asbestos
As a Commodity:
Asbestos can have several definitions, commercial, mineralogical and epidemiological.
1. Mineralogically, asbestos includes certain silicate minerals that have a highly fibrous (asbestiform) structure, are heat resistant and chemically inert, possess high electrical insulating qualities, and are of sufficient flexibility to be woven. The two main groups of asbestos are in the serpentine and amphibole groups. A fibrous amphibole may be for example crocidolite, a fibrous variety of riebeckite (a sodic amphibole). Many other amphiboles can be asbestiform, forming respirable fibre when crushed, including tremolite, anthophyllite, actinolite, richterite, winchite and fluoro-edenite, and mineralogically can all be described as asbestos.
2. Commercially asbestos was a term used for three industrial materials: Chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite. It is also used for the asbestos-containing product, eg โasbestos sheetโ is cement sheeting usually containing <15% asbestos minerals.
3. Epidemiologically, asbestos includes any serpentine or amphibole minerals that can generate respirable fibre in dusts. Erionite, a zeolite, is sometimes classified together with asbestos as it can have a very similar fibrous morphology and also be a respirable carcinogen in dusts. Some palygorskite and other fibrous minerals can also generate carcinogenic respirable fibre, but not normally classified as asbestos.
See also Mountain Leather, Mountain Paper, Mountain Cork, Mountain Wood.
1. Mineralogically, asbestos includes certain silicate minerals that have a highly fibrous (asbestiform) structure, are heat resistant and chemically inert, possess high electrical insulating qualities, and are of sufficient flexibility to be woven. The two main groups of asbestos are in the serpentine and amphibole groups. A fibrous amphibole may be for example crocidolite, a fibrous variety of riebeckite (a sodic amphibole). Many other amphiboles can be asbestiform, forming respirable fibre when crushed, including tremolite, anthophyllite, actinolite, richterite, winchite and fluoro-edenite, and mineralogically can all be described as asbestos.
2. Commercially asbestos was a term used for three industrial materials: Chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite. It is also used for the asbestos-containing product, eg โasbestos sheetโ is cement sheeting usually containing <15% asbestos minerals.
3. Epidemiologically, asbestos includes any serpentine or amphibole minerals that can generate respirable fibre in dusts. Erionite, a zeolite, is sometimes classified together with asbestos as it can have a very similar fibrous morphology and also be a respirable carcinogen in dusts. Some palygorskite and other fibrous minerals can also generate carcinogenic respirable fibre, but not normally classified as asbestos.
See also Mountain Leather, Mountain Paper, Mountain Cork, Mountain Wood.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
383
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:383:6
Pronunciation of Asbestos
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Synonyms of Asbestos
Other Language Names for Asbestos
Arabic:ุฃุณุจุณุชูุณ
Bulgarian:ะะทะฑะตัั
Catalan:Asbest
Czech:Azbest
Danish:Asbest
Dutch:Asbest
Esperanto:Asbesto
Estonian:Asbest
Farsi/Persian:ุขุฒุจุณุช
Finnish:Asbesti
French:Amiante
Galician:Amianto
German:Asbest
Amianthinit
Asbeferrit
Asbestinit
Asbestit
Bergflachs
Bergfleisch
Berghaar
Berghaut
Federweiss (in part)
Amianthinit
Asbeferrit
Asbestinit
Asbestit
Bergflachs
Bergfleisch
Berghaar
Berghaut
Federweiss (in part)
Greek:ฮฮผฮฏฮฑฮฝฯฮฟฯ
Hebrew:ืืืืกื
Hungarian:Azbeszt
Indonesian:Asbestos
Italian:Amianto
Japanese:็ณ็ถฟ
Korean:์๋ฉด
Lithuanian:Asbestas
Mongolian:ะัะฑะตัั
Norwegian:Asbest
Norwegian (Nynorsk):Asbest
Polish:Azbest
Portuguese:Asbesto
Romanian:Azbest
Russian:ะัะฑะตัั
Serbian:ะะทะฑะตัั
Simplified Chinese:็ณๆฃ
Slovak:Azbest
Swedish:Asbest
Telugu:เฐฐเฐพเฐคเฐฟเฐจเฐพเฐฐ
Turkish:Asbest
Ukrainian:ะะทะฑะตัั
Varieties of Asbestos
| Mountain Cork | A low density filling in veins, fractures, or slickensides and resembling cork. Frequently composed of amphibole, chrysotile, palygorskite, sepiolite, or zeolite. |
| Mountain Leather | An early popular name for the leather-like varieties of asbestos. Similar material has been called mountain paper, mountain wood, or mountain cork. See also: pilolite. Minerals known to form "mountain leather" include actinolite, chrysotile, palygorskit... |
| Mountain Paper | A thin flexible low density filling in fractures, veins, or slickensides. May be composed of fibrous textured material and composed of amphiboles (such as actinolite or tremolite), chrysotile, palygorskite, sepiolite, or zeolite. |
| Mountain Wood | A relatively hard, low density filling in fractures, veins, or slickensides. Generally harder than Mountain Cork and frequently composed of amphibole fibers. Additional species more or less found in mountain wood, mountain cork, mountain leather, mountain... |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 45 photos of Asbestos associated with Demantoid | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 12 photos of Asbestos associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 10 photos of Asbestos associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 7 photos of Asbestos associated with Chrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| 7 photos of Asbestos associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 5 photos of Asbestos associated with Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| 5 photos of Asbestos associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 3 photos of Asbestos associated with Tremolite | โปCa2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Asbestos associated with Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| 2 photos of Asbestos associated with Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
The fibres and dust can cause serious lung conditions if inhaled. Any handling of material containing asbestos should be done only by those who are trained and properly equipped in its handling and disposal.
Collectors who have small samples of asbestos are advised to keep them in sealed plastic boxes where there are, of course, perfectly safe.
Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos
Collectors who have small samples of asbestos are advised to keep them in sealed plastic boxes where there are, of course, perfectly safe.
Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos
Internet Links for Asbestos
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-383.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Asbestos
Reference List:
Localities for Asbestos
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
โ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
Angola | |
| A. M. I. Martins collection |
Argentina | |
| Dr. Nestor Hillar Puxeddu specimens |
| 715-720. Buenos Aires. +1 other reference |
| 715-720. Buenos Aires. +1 other reference | |
Australia | |
| Shaw (1970) |
| alan swatland |
| Brown (1908) |
| Simpson (1952) |
Austria | |
| Mineralienatlas.de |
| Rumpersdorf โ Steinbruch Postmann ... |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| |
| Ucik (1969) |
| Ucik (1969) |
| Ucik (1969) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Harald Schillhammer collection |
| Harald Schillhammer collection |
| Hackenberg (2003) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Martin Gruell |
| Sigmund 1912 |
| Freyn (1902) |
| Mรถhler (1993) |
| Pribitzer (1956) |
| Meixner (1971) |
| Stroh (1979) |
| Simone Citon collection |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
Bailiwick of Guernsey | |
| Henwood (1871) |
Belgium | |
| Pire (1993) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Scarpelli et al. (2018) |
| Hussak (1904) |
Bulgaria | |
| Svetoslav Petrussenko et al. (2007) |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| 150. +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Grand Manan Museum |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
| Bracke (n.d.) | |
| Bracke (n.d.) | |
| Program (n.d.) |
| MDI Number: MDI42A09SW00154 |
| Schandl et al. (1990) |
| |
| Dana et al. (1892) |
| Grice (1989) |
| Amabili et al. (2009) |
| Amabili et al. (2009) | |
| Amabili et al. (2009) | |
| Amabili et al. (2009) | |
| Amabili et al. (2009) | |
| Amabili et al. (2009) | |
| Amabili et al. (2009) |
| C. Lemanski collection (7801CL) |
Chile | |
| Henwood (1871) |
| Haidinger (1860) | |
China | |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| www.chinamining.org (n.d.) |
| www.smartminerals.com (2004) |
| ... |
| ... | |
| Peng et al. (2022) |
| He Sun et al. (2008) |
| www.chinamining.org (n.d.) |
| Shiguang Wang et al. (1994) |
| Yanling Tang (2005) |
Cuba | |
| Costafreda et al. (2024) |
Egypt | |
| Journal of African Earth Sciences ... |
| Harraz +1 other reference | |
| Taalab et al. (2023) | |
| El-Desoky et al. (2025) | |
Eswatini | |
| Schapira et al. (2023) |
Ethiopia | |
| Jelenc (1966) |
Finland | |
| Shekov (2014) |
France | |
| BRGM (1988) |
| F.H Forestier "Les Pรฉridotites ... |
| G. Demarcq |
| De Ascenรงao Guedes et al. (2000) |
| De Ascenรงao Guedes et al. (2000) | |
| Barelli (1835) |
| Germain et al. (1992) |
| Belot (1978) |
| Belot (1978) |
| Belot (1978) |
| Lacroix (1910) |
| Companyo (1861) +1 other reference | |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
| Alain Guillet collection |
| Baret (1905) |
| Baret (1905) |
| Belot (1978) +1 other reference |
| Baldacci et al. (1900) |
| Belot (1978) |
| Belot (1978) |
Germany | |
| Weiร (1990) |
| Meier (2008) |
| Weiร (1990) |
| J. Mรผller |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
Greenland | |
| Bรธggild (1953) |
India | |
| Premi et al. (2023) |
| Haritha et al. (2022) |
Ireland | |
| Kinahan +5 other references |
Italy | |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection |
| Jervis (1881) | |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) | |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) | |
| Antofilli et al. (1985) |
| I personally found these minerals +1 other reference | |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) | |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) | |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) | |
| Antofilli et al. (1985) |
| Bedognรจ et al. (1993) |
| Bedognรจ et al. (1993) | |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Marinai & Scaini | |
| Bedognรจ et al. (1993) |
| Artini (1909) |
| Bedognรจ et al. (1993) | |
| Piccoli (2002) |
| Maletto et al. (2014) |
| Piolti (1887) |
| Jervis (1873) |
| |
| Barelli (1835) +3 other references | |
| Lucci et al. (2018) |
| Exel (1987) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| dan weinrich |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Bonifazi (2020) |
| Bonifazi (2020) |
| Sammartino (2009) | |
| Brizzi G. (1996) |
| Brizzi G. (1996) | |
| Brizzi G. (1996) | |
Japan | |
| Harada (1954) |
| - (n.d.) |
Jersey | |
| Mourant (1978) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Bespaev et al. (n.d.) |
Kenya | |
| Anyona et al. (2015, May) | |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1958) +1 other reference |
| Behier (1963) |
Mexico | |
| Personal Collection |
| Chris Lehman |
| Chris Lehman |
Morocco | |
| Lmahfoudi et al. (2025) |
Mozambique | |
| |
New Zealand | |
| Auton |
| Stott (pers. notes) |
North Macedonia | |
| Hiessleitner (1934) +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| Weibye (1848) |
| Weibye (1848) |
| Nordrum (2004) |
| Reusch (1918) |
| - (2006) |
| Myrland (1972) |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The ... |
| Neumann et al. (1960) |
| Brรธgger et al. (1875) |
| Neumann et al. (1960) | |
| Nordrum (2008) | |
| Evja (2019) | |
| aps.ngu.no (2022) |
Pakistan | |
| - (n.d.) |
Poland | |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Kaluza A. 1818 - รbersicht der ... |
Portugal | |
| Ricardo Silva's personal collection |
| LNEG - Laboratรณrio Nacional de Energia ... |
| LNEG - Laboratรณrio Nacional de Energia ... |
| LNEG - Laboratรณrio Nacional de Energia ... |
| LNEG - Laboratรณrio Nacional de Energia ... | |
Romania | |
| Hotz (1909) |
Russia | |
| Filina et al. (2019) |
| Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| Vladykin et al. (2008) |
| Lennikov et al. (2004) |
| Kislov et al. (2021) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Schapira et al. (2023) |
| Schapira et al. (2023) |
South Korea | |
| Kim et al. (2015) |
Spain | |
| Romero-Freire et al. (2018) |
| Gonzรกlez-Jimรฉnez et al. (2023) |
| Akhenaton. |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Locality description |
| Mata i Perellรณ (1990) |
Sweden | |
| Lorin et al. (2014) |
| |
| |
| Igelstrรถm (1867) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
Switzerland | |
| Staub (1916) +1 other reference |
| Tarnuzzer (1902) +3 other references | |
| De Quervain (1935) +1 other reference | |
| Weibel et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Parker et al. (1973) |
| hรจde frรฉdรฉric |
| |
| Weibel et al. (1990) |
Taiwan | |
| ... |
| Ho et al. (1963) |
UK | |
| Alysson Rowan collection |
| Hogg (1825) |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Carne (1822) |
| Carne (1822) | |
| Hall (1868) +1 other reference |
| Solly (1886) |
| Henwood (1871) |
USA | |
| - (1917) |
| Ward's Natural Science Co. and ... |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| - (2008) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10088880 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10210709 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10210606 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10259047 |
| - (2005) |
| Clark et al. (1963) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| www.mineralsocal.org (1999) |
| Pampeyan (1963) +1 other reference |
| Pampeyan (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Davis (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Davis (1958) +2 other references | |
| Bailey et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
| Davis (1958) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Brice (1953) |
| USGS MRDS database (2005) |
| www.mineralsocal.org (1999) |
| Schwartz (1956) | |
| Schwartz (1956) | |
| McLaughlin (1916) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Logan (1943) +1 other reference |
| California Division Mines & Geology ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Merrill (1919) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Laizure (1926) |
| - (2005) |
| U.S. Bureau of Land Management Mineral ... +2 other references |
| USGS MRDS database locality file ... |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Goodyear (1890) +1 other reference |
| Fitch (1931) +1 other reference |
| Brown (1916b) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Averill (1939) +1 other reference | |
| Averill (1939) +1 other reference |
| Logan (1926) +1 other reference | |
| California Mining Journal (1961) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Logan (1929) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Wiebelt (1959) |
| - (2005) |
| McCulloch et al. (1964) +1 other reference |
| with a Summary of the Mineral Resources +2 other references |
| Gems & Minerals (1963) +1 other reference |
| Pacific Southwest Field Committee (PSFC) |
| Averill (1935) |
| California Division of Mines Bulletin ... +1 other reference | |
| McCulloch et al. (1964) | |
| USGS Mineral Investigative Resources ... |
| - (2005) | |
| McCulloch et al. (1964) | |
| McCulloch et al. (1964) +1 other reference | |
| McCulloch et al. (1964) +1 other reference | |
| McCulloch et al. (1964) +1 other reference | |
| Economic Resources Inventory et al. (1961) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| OโBrien (1965) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Brown (1916b) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| OโBrien (1965) |
| - (2005) | |
| OโBrien (1965) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Brown (1916b) +1 other reference |
| Tucker (1919) +1 other reference |
| Tucker (1919) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Waring (1919) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Lovering et al. (1950) | |
| Lovering et al. (1950) +1 other reference | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +1 other reference |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Shepard (1837) |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Dana 6:1070. |
| Cook (1978) |
| Hopkins (1914) | |
| Hopkins (1914) |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| Cook (1978) | |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| Cook (1978) | |
| 98-100. +1 other reference |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| - (1917) | |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Hopkins (1914) |
| Hopkins (1914) |
| Hopkins (1914) |
| - (2005) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) | |
| Cook (1978) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 64: 203. | |
| Hopkins (1914) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Van Gosen (2005) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:274-275. |
| William Prescott (1852) |
| Nason (1877) |
| Goss (1902) | |
| Ransom (1974) |
| Jerome Waldron photo |
| David Frank and Lorraine Edmond (2001) |
| - (2005) |
| American Mineralogist +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Hitchcock +1 other reference |
| King (n.d.) |
| King (n.d.) |
| A Quest for New Jersey Minerals (1978) |
| Minerals of Laurel Hill et al. (published privately) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XVI +4 other references |
| The Iron Mines of NJ (1910) +2 other references |
| The iron Mines of NJ (1910) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpts.: (1856) +1 other reference |
| The Iron Mines of NJ (1910) |
| |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1900) |
| Entwistle (1944) |
| Lasky (1947) +1 other reference |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| Robinson et al. (2007) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| New York State Museum Bull. 223 et al. (July-August 1919) | |
| New York State Museum Bull. 223 et al. (July-August 1919) |
| Dana 6: 1063 +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 14: 4-9. |
| Genth et al. (1881) |
| U.S Bureau of Mines/Spatial Data from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System (Mas/Mils) |
| - (2005) |
| USGS Bull 1979 +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min.:60:86. |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference | |
| Dana 6:1075. | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Ransom (1974) | |
| Keith (1907) |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference | |
| Wilson et al. (1978) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Wilson et al. (1978) | |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| - (2005) |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Genth et al. (1881) |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Genth (1891) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (1943) |
| Dana |
| ... | |
| Gordon (1922) |
| Gordon (1922) | |
| Frazier (1882) |
| Frazier (1882) | |
| Gordon (1922) |
| Gordon (1922) | |
| Miller (1972) |
| Rocks & Minerals (1986) |
| Earle Sloan (1908) |
| |
| Earle Sloan (1908) | |
| Earle Sloan (1908) | |
| Earle Sloan (1908) | |
| Earle Sloan (1908) | |
| Smith (2016) |
| Butler (1913) |
| Butler (1913) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Grant |
| Lucarini (1938) |
| Lucarini (1938) |
| - (1917) | |
| - (1917) | |
| Grant |
| Morrill & Chaffee |
| Perkins et al. (1904) |
| Rocks & Min 71:337 |
| Bulletin 77. +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 165. |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Penick (1985) |
| Dana 6: 1072. |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Frank et al. (2001) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| - (2005) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| - (2005) |
| W. Dan Hausel (1994) |
| - (2005) |
| Hausel et al. (1991) |
| Hausel et al. (2001) |
| Hausel et al. (2001) | |
Venezuela | |
| Charlie Smith Collection |
Poggio San Vittore asbestos mine, Balangero, Metropolitan City of Turin, Piedmont, Italy