Triplite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Triplite
Formula:
Mn2+2(PO4)F
Colour:
Brown, red-brown, dark brown, black (altered); light brownish-yellow to dark reddish brown in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
3.5 - 3.9
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
From the Greek τριπλόος, "triplos", three-fold, alluding to its three prominent cleavages.
Isostructural with:
Triplite Group. Triplite-Zwieselite Series. The manganese analogue of Zwieselite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Triplite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Triplite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4021
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4021:7
IMA Classification of Triplite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Triplite
8.BB.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
41.6.1.2
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
22.1.23
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
1 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with fluoride
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
1 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with fluoride
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Trl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Triplite
Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brown, red-brown, dark brown, black (altered); light brownish-yellow to dark reddish brown in transmitted light.
Streak:
White to brown
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {001}, good; on {010}, fair; and on {100}, poor.
On {001}, good; on {010}, fair; and on {100}, poor.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.5 - 3.9 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.94 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Triplite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.650 - 1.670 nβ = 1.660 - 1.674 nγ = 1.680 - 1.691
2V:
Measured: 70° to 90°, Calculated: 72°
Birefringence:
0.03
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Usually distinct in shades of yellow-brown or reddish brown.
Chemistry of Triplite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+2(PO4)F
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Sc
Crystallography of Triplite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.97 Å, b = 6.52 Å, c = 10.09 Å
β = 105.62°
β = 105.62°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.836 : 1 : 1.548
Unit Cell V:
758.39 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Crystals are rare, commonly crude, and incompletely developed. Usually massive.
Comment:
Non-standard space group I2/a.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0020668 | Triplite | Vignola P, Gatta G D, Hatert F, Guastoni A, Bersani D (2014) On the crystal-chemistry of a near-endmember triplite, Mn2+2(PO4)F, from the Codera Valley (Sondrio Province, Central Alps, Italy) The Canadian Mineralogist 52 235-245 | 2014 | Codera Valley, Sondrio, Central Alps, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009440 | Triplite | Rea J R, Kostiner E (1972) The crystal structure of manganese fluorophosphate, Mn2(PO4)F Acta Crystallographica B28 2525-2529 |  | 1972 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0010694 | Triplite | Waldrop L (1969) The crystal structure of triplite, (Mn,Fe)2FPO4 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 130 1-14 |  | 1969 | Mica Lode, Colorado, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.31 Å | (6) |
| 3.69 Å | (18) |
| 3.48 Å | (20) |
| 3.31 Å | (35) |
| 3.05 Å | (100) |
| 2.902 Å | (25) |
| 2.880 Å | (50) |
| 2.843 Å | (6) |
| 2.749 Å | (6) |
| 2.703 Å | (2) |
| 2.615 Å | (10) |
| 2.529 Å | (8) |
| 2.504 Å | (6) |
| 2.355 Å | (2) |
| 2.320 Å | (6) |
| 2.264 Å | (2) |
| 2.232 Å | (8) |
| 2.190 Å | (6) |
| 2.173 Å | (6) |
| 2.155 Å | (6) |
| 2.119 Å | (8) |
| 2.050 Å | (60) |
| 1.984 Å | (2) |
| 1.941 Å | (6) |
| 1.925 Å | (6) |
| 1.893 Å | (2) |
| 1.864 Å | (2) |
| 1.839 Å | (2) |
| 1.826 Å | (6) |
| 1.819 Å | (6) |
| 1.801 Å | (6) |
| 1.766 Å | (2) |
| 1.731 Å | (2) |
| 1.689 Å | (2) |
| 1.650 Å | (14) |
| 1.604 Å | (2) |
Comments:
ICDD 25-1080
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-𝑇 subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Geological Setting:
Granitic pegmatites of the complex, phosphate-rich type. Also occurs in high-temperature veins (Nevada).
Type Occurrence of Triplite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 4.63 (cotype).
Synonyms of Triplite
Other Language Names for Triplite
Varieties of Triplite
| Metatriplite | An altered Triplite. |
| Talktriplite | A magnesian variety of Triplite. |
Relationship of Triplite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Triplite Group:
| Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Zwieselite | Fe2+2(PO4)F | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 27 photos of Triplite associated with Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 19 photos of Triplite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 8 photos of Triplite associated with Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| 7 photos of Triplite associated with Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| 7 photos of Triplite associated with Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 6 photos of Triplite associated with Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 6 photos of Triplite associated with Tetrahedrite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S12S |
| 6 photos of Triplite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 6 photos of Triplite associated with Rockbridgeite | (Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| 5 photos of Triplite associated with Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BB. | Moabite | NiFe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB. | Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB. | Paulgrothite | Cu9Fe3+O4(PO4)4Cl3 |
| 8.BB. | Karlditmarite | Cu9O4(PO4)2(SO4)2 |
| 8.BB. | Milkovoite | Cu4O(PO4)(AsO4) |
| 8.BB.X | Arsenowagnerite | Mg2(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.05 | Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.10 | Zwieselite | Fe2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Auriacusite) | Fe3+Cu2+[(Sb,As)O4]O |
| 8.BB.15 | Joosteite | Mn2+(Mn3+,Fe3+)(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Hydroxylwagnerite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | Stanĕkite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Sarkinite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Holtedahlite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Satterlyite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe)12(PO4)5(PO3OH)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BB.25 | Althausite | Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,◻) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Eveite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.35 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.35 | Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.40 | Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Meizhouite | Fe2+V3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.45 | Dokuchaevite | Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Yaroshevskite | Cu9O2(VO4)4Cl2 |
| 8.BB.50 | Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.50 | Aleutite | [Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4) · (Cu,K,Pb,Rb,Cs,)Cl |
| 8.BB.52a | Ericlaxmanite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.52b | Kozyrevskite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.55 | Phosphoellenbergerite | (Mg,◻)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BB.55 | Popovite | Cu5O2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.60 | Urusovite | CuAl(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.65 | Theoparacelsite | Cu3(As2O7)(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.70 | Turanite | Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.BB.75 | Stoiberite | Cu5(VO4)2O2 |
| 8.BB.80 | Fingerite | Cu11(VO4)6O2 |
| 8.BB.85 | Averievite | Cu6(VO4)2O2Cl2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Richellite | CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Zinclipscombite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Triplite
Not fluorescent in UV.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Before the blowpipe, fuses easily at 1.5 to a black magnetic globule. When moistened with sulphuric acid, it colors the flame bluish green. With borax in oxidizing flame, gives a purple colored glass, indicating manganese. In a reducing flame, gives a strong reaction for iron. With soda, reacts for manganese.
Notes:
Soluble in acids. With sulphuric acid, it produces hydrofluoric acid.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Triplite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4021.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Triplite
Reference List:
Haüy, René Just (1809) Tableau comparatif des résultats de la Cristallographie et de l'analyse Chimique, relativement a la Classification des Minéraux.. Chez Courcier, Paris.as Manganèse phosphaté ferrifère
Hausmann, Johann Friedrich Ludwig (1813) Handbuch der Mineralogie (1st ed.). Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. p.1079 - as Triplit
Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. p.431
Laubmann, H.; Steinmetz, H. (1915) Phosphatführende Pegmatite des Oberpfälzer und Bayerischen Waldes. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, 55 (1-6). 523-586 doi:10.1524/zkri.1915.55.1.523Pp. 523, 559
Hurlbut, Cornelius S. (1936) A new phosphate, bermanite, occurring with triplite in Arizona. American Mineralogist, 21 (10) 656-661
Richmond, Wallace E. (1940) Crystal chemistry of the phosphates, arsenates and vanadates of the type A2XO4(Z). American Mineralogist, 25 (7). 441-479 p.468
Mason, Brian (1941) Minerals of the Varuträsk Pegmatite. XXVII. Triplite and Vivianite. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 63 (3). 285-288 doi:10.1080/11035894109445059
Wolfe, C. W, Heinrich, E. Wm. (1947) Triplite crystals from Colorado. American Mineralogist, 32 (9-10) 518-526
Fisher, D. Jerome (1957) Isokite and triplite from Bohemia. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (238). 587-602 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.238.05
Leake, B. E., Phllips, F. C. (1965) Triplite from Rhodesia. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 35 (272) 661-662 doi:10.1180/minmag.1965.035.272.11
George, M. C., Stone, M., Fejer, E. E., Symes, R.F. (1981) Triplite from the Megiliggar Rocks, Cornwall. Mineralogical Magazine, 44 (334) 236-238 doi:10.1180/minmag.1981.044.334.20
Mandarino, J. A., Richardson, J. M. G., Dunn, P. J., Spooner, E. T. C. (1984) Triplite from East Kemptville, Nova Scotia. Mineralogical Magazine, 48 (346) 142-143 doi:10.1180/minmag.1984.048.346.21
Vignola, Pietro, Gatta, G. Diego, Hatert, Frédéric, Guastoni, Alessandro, Bersani, Danilo (2014) On the crystal-chemistry of a near-endmember triplite, Mn2+2(PO4)F, from the Codera valley (Sondrio Province, Central Alps, Italy). The Canadian Mineralogist, 52 (2). 235-245 doi:10.3749/canmin.52.2.235
Roda-Robles, Encarnación, Pesquera, Alfonso, García De Madinabeitia, Sonia, Gil Ibarguchi, José-Ignacio, Nizamoff, Jim, Simmons, William, Falster, Alexander, Galliski, Miguel Angel (2014) On the geochemical character of primary Fe-Mn phosphates belonging to the triphylite-lithiophilite, graftonite-beusite, and triplite-zwieselite series: first results and implications for pegmatite petrogenesis. The Canadian Mineralogist, 52 (2). 321-335 doi:10.3749/canmin.52.2.321
Localities for Triplite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Econ Geol (1995) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Tourmaline (extraLapis English, # 3, 2002) |
| Victorio Angelelli (1958) +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1995) +1 other reference |
| Dina (1993) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist (1978) +3 other references | |
| Galliski et al. (2016) |
| Econ Geol (1995) | |
| Econ Geol (1995) | |
| AmMIn 18:104 | |
| Sardi et al. (2021) |
| Fernando Colombo et al. (2018) |
| a study of differentiation. Economic Geology (3) +1 other reference |
| GALLISKI (1983) +1 other reference |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| Galliski et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| López de Azarevich et al. (2021) | |
| Galliski et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Econ Geol (1995) |
| Am Min 53:1799-1812 |
| OYARZABAL et al. (H2O) |
| Econ Geol (1995) |
| R. J. Tauber Larry (2013) |
Australia | |
| Johnson (1956) |
| I.R.Plimer & I.D.Blucher et al. (1979) +1 other reference | |
| Lottermoser et al. (1997) +3 other references |
| Record of Sth.Aust. mines summary Olary ... |
| Elliott et al. (2023) | |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Birch (2018) |
| Eagle et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
| Eagle et al. (2015) | |
| Government Chemical Laboratories. In: ... |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2010) |
| KOLLER (1978) +1 other reference |
| Bernhard Gruber |
| Meixner (1974) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) +1 other reference | |
Brazil | |
| Queiroz (2016) | |
| Atencio et al. (2006) |
| Wegner et al. (1998) |
| Amores et al. (2014) +2 other references |
| Robinson et al. (1998) | |
Canada | |
| Dixon et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Černý et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Černý et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| GSC locality database +1 other reference |
| Mandarino et al. (1984) |
China | |
| Desong Lin and Kaixuan Wang (1987) +2 other references |
| Zhenhua Shan and Fenglian Li (1988) +1 other reference |
| Guanglai Li et al. (2010) |
| Dongquan Hu et al. (2011) | |
| Ivanova et al. (1996) |
| Ivanova et al. (1996) | |
| Wei Chen (1981) +1 other reference |
| Rubo Zhang and Weixing Xie (1984) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Povondra et al. (eds.) +1 other reference |
| Černý et al. (Weisser Stein) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| René (2018) |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) | |
| Jirásek J. et al. (2016) |
| Procházka (1969) |
| Novák +1 other reference |
| Černý P. |
| Sejkora (1998) |
| Staněk (1991) +4 other references |
| Novák et al. (2008) | |
| Staněk (1997) | |
| Duda +1 other reference |
| P. Pauliš. Nejzajímavější ... +1 other reference | |
| Novák +2 other references |
| P. Pauliš (2001) | |
| P. Pauliš (2001) | |
| www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/556.PDF. +1 other reference |
| Sekanina (1929-1930) | |
Europe | |
| Berbain et al. (2012) | |
Finland | |
| Wilke (1976) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Sandström et al. (2009) |
| Waldrop (1969) |
| Laitakari (1967) |
| Mötet den 7 December 1899. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar. 21 (p.639-640) | |
| Aarne Laitakari | |
| www.musee.ensmp.fr (2002) | |
| Aarne Laitakari | |
France | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (SEM-EDS) |
| Pirard et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| M. Arliguie collection |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2004) |
| Boisson (1988) | |
| - (1998) | |
| Limoges University | |
| - (1998) |
| Hausmann (1813) +1 other reference |
| - (1998) |
| Boisson (1988) +1 other reference | |
| Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne | |
| Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne | |
| Guide geologique de la Haute Vienne | |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
Germany | |
| Sperling (1991) |
| Dill et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Dill et al. (2011) |
| Dill et al. (2013) | |
| Mücke et al. (2011) | |
| Laubmann et al. (1915) |
| Laubmann et al. (1915) |
| DILL et al. (2009) | |
| Thomas et al. (2000) |
| Zschäbitz et al. (2011) |
Italy | |
| Vignola et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (1997) |
Japan | |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| Nishio-Hamane et al. (2023) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Evseev (1995) |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1960) | |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1963) | |
Malawi | |
| Salima (2014) |
Mongolia | |
| Konovalenko et al. (2015) |
Mozambique | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Neves et al. (1968) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) | |
| Cairncross et al. (2006) |
| von Bezing (2007) | |
| Keller (1991) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Cairncross et al. (2006) |
| Cairncross et al. (2006) |
| portal.unesco.org (n.d.) |
| von Bezing (2007) | |
| Cairncross et al. (2006) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Keller et al. (1989) +1 other reference | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Keller (1991) | |
| Keller (1991) |
| Cairncross et al. (2006) | |
| Keller (1991) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Baldwin (1994) |
North Korea | |
| Ishibashi (1944) |
Norway | |
| Bjorlykke (1937) |
| Frigstad (1970) +1 other reference |
| Kristiansen (2008) |
| Jan Andersen specimen & photo (analyzed by A.O.Larsen and A.Åsheim) |
Pakistan | |
| Blauwet (2006) |
| imported from Shigar District +1 other reference | |
Poland | |
| Traube (1888) |
| Pieczka A. et al. (2004) |
| Twardak et al. (2018) |
Portugal | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1991) |
| Milá et al. (2014) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Self-find by Nuno Afonso +2 other references |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Instituto Superior Técnico +1 other reference | |
| |
| |
| |
| Identified in Rebentão Mine |
| self-find |
| |
Romania | |
| Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Alekseev et al. (2015) |
| Shunso Ishihara et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Alekseev et al. (2015) | |
| Jambor et al. (1994) |
| Eremin et al. (2014) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Rwanda | |
| F. Hatert et al. (PO4) |
| Bertossa (1968) +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Števko et al. (2015) |
South Africa | |
| - (1994) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) | |
| Baldwin (1994) | |
| Baldwin (1994) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Calvo B. et al. (1991) |
| Roda-Robles M E et al. (2014) |
| Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007) +1 other reference | |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| Geominero Museum of Madrid |
| Gonzalez del Tánago J. (1985) |
Sweden | |
| The Swedish Museum of Natural History (Naturhistoriska riksmuseet) |
| |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Gustafsson et al. (1991) |
| Otter (1990) +1 other reference |
| |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Mason (1941) |
| Lundqvist et al. (1990) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
UK | |
| George et al. (1981) |
| Jackson (1982) |
USA | |
| Dean (1995) |
| Hurlbut (1936) +1 other reference |
| Hurlbut (1936) +4 other references |
| Jahns (1952) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Hess (1909) +1 other reference |
| Jahns et al. (1951) |
| Jahns et al. (1951) | |
| Kunz (1905) +1 other reference |
| San Diego Mining Company (2022) | |
| Kunz (1905) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
| Hanley et al. (1950) +2 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Min.:62:234-235. | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| King et al. (1991) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Min News 20:9 pp1 |
| Shainin (1946) +1 other reference |
| Ralph Lieser of Pappy’s Beryl Shop +5 other references |
| Schooner (circa 1985) +1 other reference |
| Bastin (1911) +2 other references |
| |
| King et al. (1994) +2 other references |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Douglass Watts |
| Bastin (1911) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Bastin (1911) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (1976) | |
| Nashua Mineralogical Society Display ... |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| Campbell et al. (1985) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6) +1 other reference | |
| Smith et al. (2000) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 60: 165. |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
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Anderson No. 1 Mica Mine, East Hampton, Middlesex County, Connecticut, USA