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Atokite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Atokite (9)Discuss Atokite

Atokite Gallery Search Photos of Atokite

Edit Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Atokite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Atokite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Atokite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Atokite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Atokite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Atokite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Atokite, etc.

Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

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About AtokiteHide

Formula:

(Pd,Pt)₃Sn

Colour:

Light cream

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

4½

Specific Gravity:

14.19 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Isometric

Name:

For the type locality, the Atok mine.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Atok Mine, Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality, Sekhukhune District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa

Compare the chemically similar taimyrite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

413

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:413:6

IMA Classification of AtokiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Pd₃Sn

Classification of AtokiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2025):

1.AG.10

1 : ELEMENTS (Metals and intermetallic alloys; metalloids and nonmetals; carbides, silicides, nitrides, phosphides)
A : Metals and Intermetallic Alloys
G : PGE-metal alloys

Dana 7th ed.:

1.2.7.2

Dana 8th ed.:

1.2.5.3

1 : NATIVE ELEMENTS AND ALLOYS
2 : Platinum Group Metals and Alloys

Hey's CIM Ref.:

1.72

1 : Elements and Alloys (including the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Ato	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
At	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of AtokiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Light cream

Comment:

In reflected light

Hardness:

4½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₂₅=357 kg/mm² - Vickers

Density:

14.19 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of AtokiteHide

Type:

Isotropic

Anisotropism:

Slight, due to strain

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
480nm	57.4%	60.8%
546nm	59.2%	65.1%
589nm	60.4%	63.5%
656nm	62.2%	65.8%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 65.8%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

light cream

Pleochroism:

Weak

Chemistry of AtokiteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Pd,Pt)₃Sn

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pd	72.895 %
Sn	27.105 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Pd, Pt, Sn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of AtokiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Setting:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 3.991 Å

Unit Cell V:

63.57 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Small grains less than 100 microns.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0005109	Atokite	Mihalik P, Hiemstra S A, de Villiers J P R (1975) Rustenburgite and atokite, two new platinum-group minerals from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld igneous complex The Canadian Mineralogist 13 146-150	1975	the Rustenburg and Atok Platinum Mines in the Bushveld Igneous complex, South Africa	293
0005183	Atokite	Shelton K L, Merewether P A, Skinner B J (1981) Phases and phase relations in the system Pd-Pt-Sn The Canadian Mineralogist 19 599-605	1981		293
0014147	Atokite	Ellner M (1981) Zusammenhang zwischen strukturellen und thermodynamischen eigenschaften bei phasen der kupferfamilie in T10-B4-systemen Journal of the Less-Common Metals 78 21-32	1981		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Atokite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Mihalik P'
'Hiemstra S A'
'de Villiers J P R'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 13 
_journal_year 1975
_journal_page_first 146
_journal_page_last 150
_publ_section_title
;
 Rustenburgite and atokite, two new platinum-group minerals from the
 Merensky Reef, Bushveld igneous complex
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005109
_chemical_compound_source 'the Rustenburg and Atok Platinum Mines in the Bushveld Igneous complex, South Africa'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Pt.302 Pd.486 Sn.212)'
_cell_length_a 3.991
_cell_length_b 3.991
_cell_length_c 3.991
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 63.569
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     14.189
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F m 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Pt   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.30200
Pd   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.48600
Sn   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.21200

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.295 Å	(100)
1.992 Å	(80)
1.408 Å	(90)
1.202 Å	(100)
0.9153 Å	(90)
0.8922 Å	(80)
0.8145 Å	(90)

Comments:

Merensky Reef, South Africa.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of AtokiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Atok Mine, Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality, Sekhukhune District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa

Geological Setting of Type Material:

As very sparse grains in concentrates of ore.

Synonyms of AtokiteHide

IMA1974-041

Other Language Names for AtokiteHide

Dutch:Atokiet

French:Atokite

German:Atokit

Russian:Атокит

Simplified Chinese:锡铂钯矿

Spanish:Atokita

Traditional Chinese:錫鉑鈀礦

Varieties of AtokiteHide

Lead-, Arsenic- and Antimony-bearing Atokite

Associated with norilskite.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

10 photos of Atokite associated with Taimyrite	(Pd,Cu,Pt)₃Sn
8 photos of Atokite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
6 photos of Atokite associated with Palarstanide	Pd₅(Sn,As)₂
6 photos of Atokite associated with Native Silver	Ag
5 photos of Atokite associated with Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe
5 photos of Atokite associated with Polarite	Pd(Bi,Pb)
4 photos of Atokite associated with Rustenburgite	(Pt,Pd)₃Sn
4 photos of Atokite associated with Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
4 photos of Atokite associated with Stannopalladinite	(Pd,Cu)₃Sn
4 photos of Atokite associated with Galena	PbS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

1.AG.	Sluzhenikinite	Pd₁₅(Sb_7-xSn_x)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
1.AG.	Palladothallite	Pd₃Tl	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4/mmm
1.AG.	Driekopite	PtBi	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.	Sidorovite	Fe₃Pt	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.	Michitoshiite-(Cu)	Rh(Cu_1-xGe_x)	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.05	Hexaferrum	(Fe,Os,Ru,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.05	Garutiite	(Ni,Fe,Ir)	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.10	Zvyagintsevite	Pd₃Pb	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3n
1.AG.10	Rustenburgite	(Pt,Pd)₃Sn	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.15	Taimyrite	(Pd,Cu,Pt)₃Sn	Orth.
1.AG.15	Tatyanaite	(Pt,Pd,Cu)₉Cu₃Sn₄	Orth.
1.AG.20	Paolovite	Pd₂Sn	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
1.AG.25	Stannopalladinite	(Pd,Cu)₃Sn	Orth.
1.AG.25	Plumbopalladinite	Pd₃Pb₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
1.AG.30	Cabriite	Pd₂CuSn	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
1.AG.35	Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.35	Chengdeite	Ir₃Fe	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.40	Tetraferroplatinum	PtFe	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.40	Tulameenite	Pt₂CuFe	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.40	Ferronickelplatinum	Pt₂FeNi	Tet.
1.AG.45	Skaergaardite	PdCu	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
1.AG.45	Hongshiite	PtCu	Trig.
1.AG.50	Yixunite	Pt₃In	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
1.AG.55	Damiaoite	PtIn₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
1.AG.60	Niggliite	PtSn	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
1.AG.65	Bortnikovite	Pd₄Cu₃Zn	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mmm
1.AG.70	Nielsenite	PdCu₃	Tet. 4mm : P4mm
1.AG.75	Norilskite	(Pd,Ag)_2xPb (x = 0.08 - 0.11)	Trig. 3 2 : P3₁ 2 1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for AtokiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-413.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Search Engines:

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Look for Atokite in the Rock H. Currier Digital Library

External Links:

Look for Atokite on Webmineral

Look for Atokite on Wikipedia

Look for Atokite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

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References for AtokiteHide

Reference List:

Mihálik, P., Hiemstra, S.A., De Villiers, J.P.R. (1975) Rustenburgite and atokite, two new platinum-group minerals from the Merensky Reef, Bushveld igneous complex. The Canadian Mineralogist: 13: 146-150.

(1976): American Mineralogist 61, 339-340.p.340

(2005) Atokite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for AtokiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Canada
Ontario Kenora District Ring of Fire BMA527861 Area ⓘ Black Label deposit	Musa Karkus (2010)
Thunder Bay District ⓘ Coldwell complex	Watkinson & Ohnenstetter (1992) +1 other reference
ⓘ Marathon deposit	McDonald et al. (2015) +1 other reference
O'Neill Township ⓘ Fleck occurrence (American Brass; Two Duck Lake)	5th International Platinum Symposium ... +2 other references
Seeley Lake Area ⓘ Anaconda occurrence (Stillwater Marathon project)	EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc (2012)
ⓘ Area 41 deposit	Good et al. (2017)

China
Yunnan Dali Midu County ⓘ Jinbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit (Jingbaoshan Pt-Pd-Ni-Cu deposit)	Huanbin Song et al. (2008) +1 other reference

Finland
Lapland Enontekiö ⓘ Miessijoki River	33rd International Geological Congress (2008) +2 other references

Greenland
Sermersooq Kangerlussuaq Fjord Skaergaard intrusion ⓘ Platinova reef	Holwell et al. (2016)

Guinea
Kindia Region ⓘ Conakry Igneous Complex	Augé et al. (2018)

Russia
Buryatia Severo-Baykalsky District Dovyren Highlands ⓘ Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif	Rudashevskiy N.S. et al. (2003) +2 other references
ⓘ Baikal Cu-Ni deposit	Spiridonov et al. (2019, April)
ⓘ Main Reef	Kislov +2 other references
Khabarovsk Krai Ayano-Maysky district ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Shcheka et al. (2004)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region	Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts (2011) +2 other references
ⓘ Maslovsky deposit	Can Mineral December 2011 vol. 49 no. ...
ⓘ Pyasino–Vologochan Intrusion	Sluzhenikin et al. (2015)
ⓘ Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit	- (2016) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mayak Mine	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine	[AmMin 84:1845] +4 other references
ⓘ Kharaelakh lode	2014 Ultramafic-mafic intrusions
ⓘ Southern-2 orebody	Kalugin et al. (2021)
Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District Kureika river Dzheltul'skii massif (Dzhaltul) ⓘ Dzhaltul Mount	Shvedov et al. (2015)
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)	Gabov (2010)
ⓘ Fedorova Tundra block	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ FT-2 reef	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ Kievey deposit	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ North Kamennik deposit	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ Northern PGE reef	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
ⓘ Southern PGE Reef	Groshev +6 other references
Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif	Sorokhtina et al. (2021)
Pechengsky District ⓘ Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field	Abzalov et al. (1997)
Republic of Karelia ⓘ Burakovskii Layered Complex	Grokhovskaya et al. (2005)
ⓘ Shalozerskoe (Kuk Ruchei) deposit	Grishaenko et al. (2007)
Kondopozhsky District ⓘ Vikshozero deposit	- (2014)
Loukhsky District Oulanka plutonic complex Olanga River (Oulanka River) ⓘ Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion)	A. Yu. Barkov et al. +1 other reference
ⓘ Nadezhda PGM deposit	Barkov et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Northern Karelia ⓘ Kaalamo massif	Lavrov et al. (2017)

South Africa
ⓘ Bushveld Complex	...
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Phalaborwa ⓘ Palabora Mine	Nikolay Rudashevsky et al (2001)
Sekhukhune District Municipality Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality ⓘ Atok Mine (TL)	Can Min 13 (1975)
ⓘ Driekop Mine	Melcher et al. (2007)
ⓘ Maandagshoek Farm	Melcher et al. (2005)
Waterberg District Municipality Mogalakwena Local Municipality ⓘ Mokopane	Yudovskaya et al. (2011)
ⓘ Akanani prospects	Van der Merwe (2011) +1 other reference
Mogalakwena Mine ⓘ Overysel deposit	Holwell et al. (2007)
ⓘ Sandsloot Mine	Holwell et al. (2006) +1 other reference
ⓘ Zwartfontein Pit	Frits van der Merwe (2012)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Rustenburg Local Municipality ⓘ Rustenburg	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ⓘ Impala Platinum mines	Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference

Tanzania
Kigoma Region ⓘ Kapalagulu Intrusion	Wilhelmij et al. (2016)

USA
Montana Stillwater County J-M Reef (Howland Reef) ⓘ Minneapolis adit	...
ⓘ Stillwater Mine	Gobla (2012)

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland West Chegutu District ⓘ Hartley Mine	Liu et al. (2014)

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Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2025, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
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