Brochantite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Douglas Merson
About Brochantite
AndrΓ© Brochant de Villiers
Formula:
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Colour:
Green, emerald green, green-black, light green; bluish green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
3.97
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1824 by Serve-Dieu Abailard "Armand" Lévy in honor of the French geologist and mineralogist, André-Jean-François-Marie Brochant de Villiers [August 6, 1772, Mantes-la-Ville, Yvelines, France - May 16, 1840, Paris, France].
Isostructural with:
A common secondary copper hydroxy sulphate. Two polytypes, both monoclinic, are known (see below).
May be observed as pseudomorphs after malachite, azurite and langite, and altered to chrysocolla. Acicular varieties may be confused with acicular dioptase.
See also the closely related, less common antlerite.
Brochantite is the SO4 analogue of ramaccioniite.
May be observed as pseudomorphs after malachite, azurite and langite, and altered to chrysocolla. Acicular varieties may be confused with acicular dioptase.
See also the closely related, less common antlerite.
Brochantite is the SO4 analogue of ramaccioniite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
779
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:779:9
IMA Classification of Brochantite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Brochantite
7.BB.25
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 7th ed.:
30.1.3.1
30.1.3.1
30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq, where m:p>2:1
30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq, where m:p>2:1
25.2.7
25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAβCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Bct | IMAβCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAβCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Bro | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Brochantite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavages.
Colour:
Green, emerald green, green-black, light green; bluish green in transmitted light.
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {100} perfect.
On {100} perfect.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.97 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.09 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Brochantite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.728 nβ = 1.771 nγ = 1.800
2V:
Measured: 72° , Calculated: 76°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.072
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 Β΅m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 Β΅m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
medium r < v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Slight in shades of bluish green.
Chemistry of Brochantite
Mindat Formula:
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Brochantite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.08 Å, b = 9.85 Å, c = 6.02 Å
β = 103.35°
β = 103.35°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.328 : 1 : 0.611
Unit Cell V:
754.65 Γ
Β³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals stout prismatic to acicular [001], elongated [010] at times, or, [100] more rarely; also tabular {001}. Loosely coherent aggregates of acicular crystals; groups and drusy crusts; massive, granular.
Twinning:
On {100} with composition surface {100}, common. The twinned crystals are often symmetrical and pseudo-orthorhombic in appearance. When X-rayed using single-crystal methods, twins may yield an orthorhombic unit cell solution with cell metrics of a = ~3.0, b = ~9.8, c = ~12.7 Γ
.
Comment:
OD structure. The MDO1 polytype (P21/a; cell given above) corresponds to "normal" brochantite. The MDO2 polytype has space group P21/n and a = 12.776, b = 9.869, c = 6.026 A, beta = 90.15 (Merlino et al., 2003).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006971 | Brochantite | Merlino S, Perchiazzi N, Franco D (2003) Brochantite, Cu4SO4(OH)6: OD character, polytypism and crystal structures European Journal of Mineralogy 15 267-275 | 2003 | Val Fucinaia, Tuscany, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006972 | Brochantite | Merlino S, Perchiazzi N, Franco D (2003) Brochantite, Cu4SO4(OH)6: OD character, polytypism and crystal structures European Journal of Mineralogy 15 267-275 | 2003 | Capo Calamita, Elba island, Tuscany, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018378 | Brochantite | Mills S J, Kampf A R, Pasero M, Merlino S (2010) Discreditation of ''orthobrochantite'' (IMA 78-64) as the MDO1 polytype of brochantite European Journal of Mineralogy 22 453-457 | 2010 | Douglas Hill mine, Yerington, Nevada, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0010313 | Brochantite | Helliwell M, Smith J V (1997) Brochantite Acta Crystallographica C53 1369-1371 |  | 1997 | Socorro, New Mexico, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.38 Γ | (40) |
| 5.36 Γ | (40) |
| 3.90 Γ | (85) |
| 3.19 Γ | (40) |
| 2.923 Γ | (20) |
| 2.678 Γ | (50) |
| 2.521 Γ | (100) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Geological Setting:
In arid climates or in rapidly oxidizing copper sulfide deposits under low acid conditions.
Type Occurrence of Brochantite
Synonyms of Brochantite
Other Language Names for Brochantite
Catalan:Brochantita
Czech:Brochantit
Dutch:Brochantiet
Italian:Brochantite
Polish:Brochantyt
Portuguese:Brochantite
Russian:ΠΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ
Slovak:Brochantit
Spanish:Brochantita
Swedish:Krisuvigite
Ukrainian:ΠΡΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 571 photos of Brochantite associated with Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 410 photos of Brochantite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 306 photos of Brochantite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 263 photos of Brochantite associated with Cyanotrichite | Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12 Β· 2H2O |
| 160 photos of Brochantite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 151 photos of Brochantite associated with Langite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 Β· 2H2O |
| 133 photos of Brochantite associated with Spangolite | Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl Β· 3H2O |
| 133 photos of Brochantite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 119 photos of Brochantite associated with Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 Β· nH2O, x < 1 |
| 117 photos of Brochantite associated with Cuprite | Cu2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.BB. | Iskandarovite | Sb6O7(SO4)2 |
| 7.BB. | Brumadoite | Cu3(Te6+O4)(OH)4 Β· 5H2O |
| 7.BB. | Novikovite | (NH4)4Mo6+2Mo5+2O8(SO4)5 |
| 7.BB.10 | Hauckite | Fe3+3(Mg,Mn2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81 |
| 7.BB.15 | Antlerite | Cu3(SO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.BB.20 | Dolerophanite | Cu2(SO4)O |
| 7.BB.25 | Ramaccioniite | Cu4[SeO4](OH)6 |
| 7.BB.30 | Vergasovaite | Cu3(SO4)(MoO4,SO4)O |
| 7.BB.30 | Cupromolybdite | Cu3O(MoO4)2 |
| 7.BB.35 | Klebelsbergite | Sb4O4(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 7.BB.35 | Tavagnascoite | Bi4O4(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 7.BB.40 | Schuetteite | Hg2+3(SO4)O2 |
| 7.BB.45 | Paraotwayite | Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x |
| 7.BB.50 | Xocomecatlite | Cu3(TeO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.BB.55 | Pauflerite | (V4+O)SO4 |
| 7.BB.60 | Grandviewite | Cu3Al2(SO4)(OH)10 Β· H2O |
| 7.BB.65 | Timroseite | Pb2Cu5(TeO6)2(OH)2 |
| 7.BB.70 | Glikinite | Zn3O(SO4)2 |
| 7.BB.80 | Mojaveite | Cu6[Te6+O4(OH)2](OH)7Cl |
| 7.BB.85 | Paratimroseite | Pb2Cu4(TeO6)2(H2O)2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Brochantite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-779.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Brochantite
Reference List:
Maskelyne, N. S. (1865) On new Cornish minerals of the brochantite group. The London, Edinburgh, And Dublin Philosophical Magazine And Journal Of Science, S. 4 Vol. 29 (198) 473-476 (as waringtonite)
Mrose, Mary E., Reichen, Laura E. (1965) Evidence for the identity of kamarezite with brochantite. Cu4(SO4)(OH)6. American Mineralogist, 50 (9) 1450-1457
Helliwell, M., Smith, J. V. (1997) Brochantite. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 53 (10) 1369-1371 doi:10.1107/s0108270197006318
Merlino, Stefano, Perchiazzi, Natale, Franco, David (2003) Brochantite, Cu4SO4(OH)6: OD character, polytypism and crystal structures. European Journal of Mineralogy, 15 (2) 267-275 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2003/0015-0267
Frost, Ray L., Williams, Peter A., Martens, Wayde, Leverett, Peter, Kloprogge, J. Theo (2004) Raman spectroscopy of basic copper(II) and some complex copper(II) sulfate minerals: Implications for hydrogen bonding. American Mineralogist, 89 (7) 1130-1137 doi:10.2138/am-2004-0726
Lane, M. D. (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals. American Mineralogist, 92 (1) 1-18 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2170
Yoder, C. H., Agee, T. M., Ginion, K. E., Hofmann, A. E., Ewanichak, J. E., Schaeffer, C. D., Carroll, M. J., Schaeffer, R. W., McCaffrey, P. F. (2007) The relative stabilities of the copper hydroxyl sulphates. Mineralogical Magazine, 71 (5) 571-577 doi:10.1180/minmag.2007.071.5.571
Crichton, W. A., Muller, H. (2008) Brochantite-2M2 from Pierre Plate Mine, Vizille. Powder Diffraction, 23 (3) 246-250 doi:10.1154/1.2964219
Mills, Stuart J., Kampf, Anthony R., Pasero, Marco, Merlino, Stefano (2010) Discreditation of "orthobrochantite" (IMA 7864) as the MDO1 polytype of brochantite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22 (3) 453-457 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2029
Localities for Brochantite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
β - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
| Orris et al. (2002) |
Algeria | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| geo.web.ru (n.d.) | |
Antarctica | |
| Vennum +1 other reference |
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Colombo et al. (2011) |
| Mr. Nelson Valenzuela. |
| 4 Congreso Nacional y 1 Congreso ... +1 other reference |
| de Brodtkorb +2 other references |
| Garrido +4 other references |
| PONS |
| Brodtkorb (2006) |
| Dill et al. (2013) |
| PerellΓ³ et al. (2023) |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
Atlantic Ocean | |
| Gablina et al. (2006) |
Australia | |
| |
| McQueen +2 other references | |
| Michael Hirst Collection |
| B. G. Lottermoser: P. M. Ashley (1997) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| Rankin et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Graham et al. (2005) |
| McLean et al. (2004) |
| Australia and New Zealand Micromineral ... |
| Chapman et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| B. G. Lottermoser: P. M. Ashley (1997) +1 other reference |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Worner et al. (et al) +1 other reference |
| Munro-Smith (2006) | |
| Uwe Kolitsch collection/observation |
| Ryan (1961) |
| Ryan (1961) | |
| Collection of RJ Martin inferred from ... |
| Tate Museum Collection |
| Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Day et al. (1996) |
| Dieter Mylius collection |
| Munro-Smith et al. (2015) |
| Day (1998) | |
| Sorrell (n.d.) | |
| Uwe Kolitsch collection | |
| Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Costas Constantinides |
| Haupt (2012) |
| Harris et al. (2003) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (1999) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Beyer et al. (1996) |
| Pring et al. (1994) |
| Personal Collection of Mark Willoughby |
| Coats et al. (1971) |
| Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Pring et al. (2000) |
| Noble et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill & Taheri |
| Bottrill (2018) |
| Bottrill et al. (2020) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Steve Sorrell Collection | |
| Bottrill |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| M. Latham Collection 2011 |
| crocoite.com |
| Victoria Museum Specimen |
| Mandarino (1997) |
| Min. Record 24 (1993) | |
| Australian J. Mineralogy 13 (1) | |
| Min. Record 24 (1993) | |
| Grice et al. (1991) | |
| Min. Record 24 (1993) | |
| Ferguson (1999) |
| Downes et al. (1998) |
| Hodge (1970) |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +1 other reference |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +2 other references |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +7 other references | |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +7 other references | |
| Morris (1962) |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Downes et al. (2006) |
| Downes et al. (2006) | |
| Murray Thompson |
| Bridge et al. (1979) |
| Downes et al. (2017) |
| Downes et al. (2017) | |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +1 other reference |
| Clarke et al. (1986) |
| Clarke et al. (1986) | |
| Downes et al. (2011) |
Austria | |
| C.Auer (2014) |
| Niedermayr et al. (2006) |
| C. Auer (2011) |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
| Kolitsch (2009) |
| G. Blass (2001) +2 other references | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Meixner (1976) |
| BlaΓ et al. (1997) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Chris Auer +1 other reference | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| G. Niedermayr (1998) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1996) | |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| BlaΓ (1999) | |
| Mikl et al. (2014) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| BrandstΓ€tter et al. (2011) |
| Steir.Mineralog 25/2011 |
| Puttner (1996) |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
| C. Auer (2023) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Kirchner et al. (2007) |
| Paar et al. (1978) +1 other reference | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection |
| Kolitsch et al. (2010) |
| Putz (2003) |
| Auer (1995) |
| Auer (1995) | |
| C.Auer (2014) |
| Collection of NHM +1 other reference |
| BrandstΓ€tter et al. (2010) |
| Niedermayr (2008) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2009) |
| Kirchner et al. (2004) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| C. Auer (2022) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
| Poeverlein (2008) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Lewandowski et al. (2006) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2000) |
| C.Auer (1988) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Neschen (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Kolitsch (2014) | |
| BrandstΓ€tter et al. (2010) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2012) | |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Landesmuseum Joanneum (Graz, Styria) |
| G.Gesselbauer collection (Find of 2014) |
| Postl et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Auer et al. (2017) |
| Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010) +1 other reference |
| P. Tomazic et al. (2012) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Postl et al. (1996) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Arthofer et al. (2025) |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Leikauf (2006) |
| Neschen (n.d.) +4 other references |
| Auer (2024) |
| C.Auer (2017) |
| Schebesta (1992) | |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Kolitsch (2018) |
| Schachinger et al. (2012) |
| Heider et al. (2019) | |
| Meixner (1976) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2007) |
| Meixner (1976) |
| C.Auer (2024) |
| GtΓΆbner (2000) | |
| Taucher (1994) |
| Postl (1977) |
| Postl (1977) | |
| Kolitsch (2010) |
| Kolitsch (2010) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Jakely (2008) |
| Jakely (2008) | |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2012) |
| Bergmann (2011) |
| Steck (2010) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2010) |
| Exel (1993) | |
| Schnorrer et al. (2005) | |
| Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
| C.Auer (2016) | |
| Kolitsch (2013) | |
| Hermann (1988) | |
| Poeverlein |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2007) |
| Der AufschluΓ (2006) | |
| Lapis 2007 | |
| Putz et al. (2007) |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| - (1994) |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference |
| 54 (in German) +1 other reference | |
| C.Auer (2015) |
| Arlt et al. (1994) |
| Schuster et al. (2005) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
| Kolitsch (2013) |
| Kolitsch (2022) |
| Kolitsch (2019) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2011) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2022) | |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2007) |
Belgium | |
| Ottenburgs et al. (1998) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) | |
| Hatert et al. (2014) |
| van Tassel (1979) +1 other reference |
| Arnold Van Herreweghe Collection |
| JosΓ© Dehove collection. |
| Michel Blondieau. +3 other references | |
| Fransolet et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
| Dehove et al. (2006) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) | |
| Blondieau (2005) | |
| Blondieau (2005) | |
| van Tassel (1979) |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
Bolivia | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge MuΓ±oz Reyes (1955) |
| - (2005) |
| J. T. Singewald Jr. & Edward Berry (1922) |
| Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) | |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Cook (2009) |
| USGS Prof Paper 550C ppC190-C196 |
| Pires et al. (2020) |
| Cornejo et al. (2009) |
Bulgaria | |
| Kunov et al. (2001) |
| Larisa Nesheva (2006) |
| Singer et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| |
| ATANASSOVA +1 other reference |
| Marcus Vau Collection |
Canada | |
| Jambor (1976) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Woodside (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Phillips (1979) |
| - (2022) |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Sabina (2003) | |
| SABINA (1976) | |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| Steve Stuart Collection |
| Sabina (1965) |
| Sabina (1965) |
| nsminerals.atspace.com (2005) |
| Collected by Ronnie Van Dommelen (~1999) |
| Sabina (2015) +1 other reference |
| Ann P.Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (1991) | |
| Sabina (1991) | |
| Sabina |
| Sabina (2000) |
| Jambor (1967) |
| Ontario Dept.of Mines |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern ... | |
| Ref.: Geological Survey of Canada ... |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Sabina (1991) | |
| Sabina (1991) |
| Traill (1983) |
| Traill (1983) |
| Sabina (2000) | |
| Sabina (2003) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2003) +1 other reference |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Cobalt - Belleterre - Timmins +1 other reference | |
| HORVΓTH et al. (2006) |
| Sabina (1992) | |
| and parts of New Brunswick. Geological ... +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1992) |
| Sabina (1992) |
| Estrie and Gaspesie +3 other references |
| Sabina (1966) | |
| Sabina (1992) |
| Jennings et al. (1973) |
| Sabina (1983) |
| Sabina (1967 & 1992) |
| HORVΓTH et al. (2000) |
| www.ir.gov.sk.ca (n.d.) |
| Sabina (1972) | |
| Watkinson et al. (1975) |
| Sabina (1972) |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Sabina (1972) |
| Sabina (1972) | |
Chile | |
| Arfè et al. (2016) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| WARREN (2005) | |
| Econ Geol (1985) | |
| BΓ‘rbara Romero et al. (2011) | |
| Cameron +2 other references | |
| "Yacimientos costeros entre Antofagasta ... +2 other references |
| Singer et al. (2008) | |
| globenewswire.com (n.d.) |
| Pieczonka et al. (2017) | |
| Sonami: "BoletΓn de la Sociedad ... +1 other reference | |
| Sonami: "BoletΓn de la Sociedad ... | |
| |
| Remy Phillippe personal communication | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Werthessen (2016) |
| Singer et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| British Natural History Museum online ... | |
| V. Sapienza collection |
| Anthony et al. (2000) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Samples in the I. Domeyko Museum | |
| Bandy (1938) +2 other references |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) | |
| Sapiains et al. (2021) | |
| Maksaev (2006) |
| C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988) | |
| C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988) | |
| C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| JM Johannet collection. |
| Maurizio Dini collection |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Bob Jenkins & M. Dini collections | |
| M.Dini collection | |
| Williams et al. (2005) |
| Maurizio Dini database 2007 |
| Maurizio Dini database 2007 | |
| Francis et al. (1994) | |
| V. Sapienza collection |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Singer et al. (2008) | |
| mining-atlas.com (n.d.) | |
| collected and analysed by french ... | |
| "GeologΓa del distrito Zapallar de ... +2 other references |
| "GeologΓa del distrito minero Zapallar ... +2 other references | |
| C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988) | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... |
| " GeologΓa de los distritos mineros Checo de Cobre (provincia de Atacama) +2 other references | |
| collected and analysed by french ... |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ... |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... | |
| I.Domeyko Museum collection in the La ... +3 other references |
| samples analysed by Jochen SchlΓΌter +1 other reference |
| collected and analysed by french ... |
| Stgo de Chile. +1 other reference | |
| Arliguie M collection |
| Maurizio Dini collection | |
| Sullivan (1978) | |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ... |
| samples analysed by Jochen SchlΓΌter |
| collected and analysed by french ... | |
| Robert Jenkins |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... +1 other reference |
| C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988) |
| Maksaev et al. (2010) |
| "Informe preliminar sobre las minas del ... +1 other reference |
| "Informe sobre el mineral de San ... +1 other reference | |
| "Informe preliminar sobre las minas del ... +3 other references | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988) |
| Samples in the collection of professor Claudio Canut De Bon (La Serena, Chile) |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter et al. (Salzburg Department of Mineralogy) |
| Maurizio Dini collection |
| I.Domeyko collection +2 other references |
| Jaime Cataldo B. et al. (2015) | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen SchlΓΌter (Hamburg University) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen SchlΓΌter (Hamburg University) +1 other reference | |
| Sulphides analysed by geology dep. of ... +2 other references | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| U. Kolitsch collection (gift from Arturo Molina) +1 other reference | |
| British Museum online catalogue 2007 |
China | |
| Yi Li (2001) |
| Personally collected David Clayton ... |
| Tony Peterson specimens |
| Jurui He et al. (1992) |
| Jensen (2009) |
| Bert Ottens specimen |
| Wenzhang Fu and Jinchuan Gu (2001) |
| Chunqi Wen et al. (2002) |
| Yi Li et al. (2004) |
| Shen (n.d.) |
Cuba | |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:169. |
Czech Republic | |
| Velebil (Dě) +4 other references |
| PauliΕ‘ P. MineralogickΓ© lokality ... |
| PlΓ‘Ε‘il |
| PlΓ‘Ε‘il J. et al. (2008) | |
| RΓSENBERG et al. (1996) |
| OndruΕ‘ et al. (1989) |
| [Bull.N.M.Praha 2002 | |
| [Lapis 1995 |
| MalΓ½ |
| PauliΕ‘ P. et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) | |
| Skala et al. (2011) | |
| |
| FrantiΕ‘ek NovΓ‘k et al. (2002) |
| Beran (Ag, Au, Co) +2 other references | |
| Petr PauliΕ‘ (2000) +1 other reference |
| Fengl +3 other references |
| Malec J. et al.: Jacutingait (podkrkonoΕ‘skΓ‘ pΓ‘nev) |
| PauliΕ‘ et al. (2010) | |
| Fojt (A) |
| Sejkora (1994) |
| Kuttna +1 other reference | |
| Sejkora et al. (2023) | |
| ZimΓ‘k +5 other references |
| GrambliΔka (n.d.) |
| Fiala V. (1977) | |
| Č +4 other references | |
| Sejkora et al. (2012) |
| Sejkora et al. (2021) | |
| GrambliΔka (n.d.) |
| none |
| mineral.-petrolog. Odd. NΓ‘r. Muz. (Praha) +2 other references | |
| Petr Fuchs collection |
| Sejkora (1998) +1 other reference | |
| VavΕinec L. | |
| Sejkora et al. (KruΕ‘nΓ© hory) +1 other reference |
| |
DR Congo | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Mineralogical Magazine (1977) | |
| Deliens (1996) | |
| Lhoest (1992) |
| Lhoest (1992) | |
| Gauthier et al. (1989) |
| Kampunzu et al. (2009) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Deliens (1996) | |
| Lhoest (1992) | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Wilson (2018) |
| Deliens (1989) | |
| |
| Joy Desor (Raman and EDS analyses) |
Egypt | |
| Natural History Museum Vienna (rock) |
| |
Europe | |
| Quellmalz (1992) +2 other references |
Finland | |
| Helovuori et al. (5) +1 other reference |
| HytΓΆnen |
France | |
| Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ... +1 other reference |
| Cuchet et al. (2000) | |
| P.G. PELISSON (pelisson@inist.fr) |
| Robin Fialip |
| Belot (1978) |
| Blondieau et al. (2025) |
| PΓ©lisson (1989) |
| C. Vialaron : La mine d'antimoine de DaΓΌ et al. (1999) |
| Queneau (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| GrambliΔka (n.d.) |
| Crichton et al. (2008) |
| Designolle J-L. (1993) |
| Chollet et al. (2013) |
| Vernay (1997) +1 other reference | |
| Chollet Pascal Collection |
| Coueille (1988) |
| Paul Poulain | |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| SEM-EDS analyses at "Laboratoire Magmas ... |
| Valverde J. (1999) | |
| Vessely Collection | |
| Sarp et al. (1980) |
| De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000) |
| De Ascencao Guedes R. (2001) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection +1 other reference |
| Germain C. et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| R.De ASCENΓAO GUEDES (2004) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Th Brunsperger collection |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Bari (1982) | |
| Paolo Grosso collection | |
| R Stein collection | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Hohl (1994) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| AndrΓ© Marent collection |
| Mines |
| Mines | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| |
| Fluck et al. (1992, December) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references | |
| Dana 6:399 |
| CΓ©drick Gineste 01.04.2005. | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Remy Ph. (2003) |
| Patrice Queneau Collection visual identification. Confirmed. Analyzed by Nicolas Meisser (NaturΓ©um) |
| Patrice Queneau Collection and ... |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| PΓ©lisson et al. (1987) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2000) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) | |
| Berbain et al. (1998) |
| Favreau et al. (2003) | |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Gol (2015) |
| Queneau (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Lheur (2023) |
| Pierrot +1 other reference | |
| Self - collected by : Jean Marie LAURENT |
| Leconte J. et al. (2016) | |
| Pierrot | |
| Gayraud et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Jean-Maire Laurent collection |
| Jean-Marie LAURENT collection | |
| Favreau et al. (2010) |
| Queneau (n.d.) | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Inventaire MinΓ©ralogique de la France ... +1 other reference | |
| Gol (2012) | |
| Jean-Marie LAURENT collection |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Y. Vessely collection |
| Pascal Chollet Collection - SEM-EDS ... |
| Yannick Vessely collection | |
| JM Johannet. |
| De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002) |
| Gourault C. (1997) | |
| collection bernard bouissac/antoine ... |
| Dincuff (2008) |
| Gol et al. (2010) | |
| Boisson et al. (2014) |
| No References | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Jean-Marie LAURENT collection |
| Gol (2009) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| BERBAIN et al. (2010) |
| Berbain et al. (2007) |
| erbain +2 other references | |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Laurent J-M. (2003) | |
| R.Pauvert |
| desescaut.jy@voila.fr |
| Bernadi et al. (2014) |
| Jean-Vincent Coureau collection |
| Fourcault (1993) |
| Chollet Pascal Collection | |
| Mari et al. (1997) |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| my collection |
| Belot (1978) |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot | |
| R. Pierrot |
| Jean-Luc Portes Collection |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) +1 other reference |
| Pierrot et al. (1972) +1 other reference |
| Self collected by S. MAURY |
| Palache et al. (1951) +4 other references |
| ValΓ©rie GalΓ©a-Clolus collection - EDX ... | |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Emser Hefte 15 (3) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Markl (2017) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Baret et al. (1986) |
| Baret et al. (1986) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Gruber (2000) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Steen (2013) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1996) |
| Walenta (1996) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2021) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1989) +1 other reference |
| Anneliese Schwarz collection (visually identified by Uwe Kolitsch) +1 other reference | |
| BlaΓ et al. (2000) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Schrenk (2000) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| |
| Lapis 21 (12) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| GrΓΆbner (2007) |
| Walenta (1989) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| |
| |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Markl (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| A. Wittern (1995) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist: 67: 854. +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Joachim et al. (1993) |
| Habel (2009) |
| Habel (1998) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis 32 (12) |
| |
| Hock et al. (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Lapis 2002 (11) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| web.archive.org (2001) |
| Dill et al. (2010) | |
| PETITJEAN collection |
| ex-Petitjean collection |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski |
| Lapis 25 (2) | |
| Belendorff et al. (1987) | |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| Klaus Petitjean collection |
| Blessing et al. (1991) |
| Stephan Koch photo |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| SEM-EDS by GΓΌnter BlaΓ |
| BlaΓ et al. (1993) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Joachim GrΓΆbner (2019) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2009) |
| WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Fehr (1983) | |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1991) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2009) | |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Wittern et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| ko Jansen. +1 other reference | |
| "Lithothek" collection of the ... | |
| Nikoleizig et al. (2010) | |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) | |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| Steinkamm et al. (1988) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) | |
| |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| van den Berg et al. (1990) |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| GrΓΆbner (2007) |
| |
| Hotze (1989) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference | |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1991) |
| Stieglitz et al. (1989) |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1986) +1 other reference |
| Henrich (2008) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Mills et al. (2020) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Reinhardt et al. (2016) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis (12) |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1987) |
| Hucko et al. (2009) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2025) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references | |
| BlaΓ et al. (1995) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| BlaΓ et al. (1995) |
| BlaΓ et al. (1995) | |
| BlaΓ et al. (1995) | |
| Graf et al. (1982) |
| GeoMontanus: Die Mineralien von Rescheid |
| GeoMontanus: Die Mineralien von Rescheid |
| BlaΓ et al. (1995) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) | |
| Remmert (2023) |
| min max |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Nino Martincevic Collection |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1988) | |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1988) | |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler (1988) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Volker Reppke Collection |
| SchΓΌller et al. (2013) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Volker Reppke Collection |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
| Emser Hefte 1990 (1) |
| Reinhardt et al. (2005) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2000) | |
| Emser Hefte 1987 (4) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Henrich (2007) | |
| Mineralienfreunde der Pfalz (Analyse J. Desor 2022) |
| GΓΌnter Frenz collection +1 other reference |
| www.mgas.de (2003) |
| Christof SchΓ€fer |
| ScheiderhΓΆhn & Kautzsch 1936 |
| Graf (1991) |
| Lapis (2) | |
| Lapis 2001 (6) |
| Noll (1984) |
| Noll (1984) | |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Graf (1991) |
| Thomas Kleser Collection |
| Markl et al. (1990) |
| Schnorrer (1993) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Habel (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| |
| Wittern (2001) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| 58 (in German) +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler et al. (1991) | |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| Vanrusselt (2023) |
| WeiΓ (1990) |
| ... | |
| Thomas Kleser Collection |
| Thomas LΓΌhr Collection |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| Gerfried Seidel collection |
| Thomas LΓΌhr |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Thomas LΓΌhr Collection | |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Gerhard MΓΆhn collection | |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| MΓΆhn et al. (07/2020) |
| VollstΓ€dt et al. (1991) |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
| MΓ€dler (1992) | |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Schlegel (1991) |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2006) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2016) |
| Hajek (2010) |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) |
| Witzke (1993) |
| 86. +1 other reference |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2006) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Jahn (1999) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| TrΓΆger (2012) |
| Matthies (2009) |
| Markus Gerstmann - Collection |
| 43-47 +2 other references |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2008) |
| Witzke et al. (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| RΓΌger et al. (1995) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| RΓΌger et al. (1992) | |
Greece | |
| Busz (1893) +2 other references |
| GrΓΆbner et al. (2002) | |
| Hanke (1998) | |
| LAPIS 24 (7/8) +1 other reference | |
| GrΓΆbner (2001) | |
| Schnorrer (1995) +1 other reference |
| Fritz Schreiber collection |
| Lapis et al. (1999) |
| Rieck (n.d.) |
| Lapis (May 2003) | |
| GrΓΆbner (2003) | |
| BlaΓ et al. (1998) |
| |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler et al. (1988) | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
| Fritz Schreiber collection +1 other reference |
| Fritz Schreiber collection | |
| |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Lapis 24 (1999) |
| Rieck (n.d.) |
| BlaΓ et al. (1998) | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) +1 other reference | |
| Rieck (n.d.) |
| www.brgm.fr (2003) |
| Rocks and Minerals (2009) |
| |
| Keil et al. (1982) |
| Fritz Schreiber collection (analysed by U. Kolitsch) |
| Keil et al. (1982) | |
Greenland | |
| Petersen (2001) |
Hungary | |
| SzakΓ‘ll et al. (1996) |
| SzakΓ‘ll: Minerals of RudabΓ‘nya +2 other references |
| Coll. G.Koller |
| TamΓ‘s UngvΓ‘ri +1 other reference |
| GEODA 2013/2 |
| ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII. | |
| ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII. +1 other reference | |
| SzakΓ‘ll et al. (1996) | |
| Csanad Loranth (XRD analysis) |
Iceland | |
| Sigurdur H. MarkΓΊsson +1 other reference |
India | |
| S. G. Tenainkai et al. (1991) |
| Panigrahi et al. (1997) |
Indonesia | |
| Maryono et al. (2018) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Iran | |
| Sadati et al. (2016) |
| Nezafati et al. (2017) |
| K. J. Henley (1970) +1 other reference |
| Vachik Hairapetian collection |
| Heidari et al. (2021) |
| Mohsen Mohammadi |
Ireland | |
| S. Moreton collection |
| Dr Richard Unitt Collection |
| Moreton et al. (2007) |
| Moreton et al. (2007) | |
| |
| |
| Cornwall |
| Dr Richard Unitt Collection |
| Dr Richard Unitt Collection |
| Moreton et al. (1995) |
| Moreton et al. (1995) |
| Ixer |
| S. MORETON et al. (1999) | |
| |
| Moreton (2005) |
Isle of Man | |
| Adam Stephens Collection |
Israel | |
| Bartura (1974) |
Italy | |
| Toffolo (2012-13) |
| Barresi et al. (2005) |
| Tumiati et al. (2005) |
| Larocca (2012) |
| Demartin et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Russo et al. (2014) |
| Russo et al. (2014) | |
| Dalrio (1980) |
| Adorni F. (1997) |
| Adorni F. (1997) | |
| Adorni F. (1997) | |
| Aspetti mineralogici dei "Gessi ... |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2017) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| EDX analysis by Italo Campostrini |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2015) |
| Ciuffardi et al. (2008) |
| Biagioni et al. (2020) |
| M.E. Ciriotti et al. (P. RΓΆgner analysis) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (Avril/Juin) |
| Redazionale (2005) |
| Pipino (1984) |
| Camarda et al. (2013) | |
| Balestra (2016) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) | |
| Agliuzza et al. (2015) | |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) | |
| Carbone et al. (2002) |
| M.E. Ciriotti Probed 2005 |
| Bracco (2006) |
| G.M.Gramaccioli |
| Capitanio A. (2000) |
| Luigi Possenti Collection |
| Maida et al. (2012) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Cerea et al. (2019) |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Carmagnola et al. (2019) |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Vergani F. et al. (2020) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Biffi et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Cingolani G. (1984) |
| EDX + XRD analysis by Gunter Blass |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Maletto et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Alessandro Cantamessa collection |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| Ciriotti et al. (2019) | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Guastoni et al. (2006) +2 other references |
| Guastoni et al. (2006) +2 other references | |
| Albertini (1991) +2 other references | |
| Mauro Savia specimen - micro-Raman ... |
| Luigi Chiappino data |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2023) |
| Del Caldo et al. (1973) +1 other reference |
| Gamboni et al. (2021) |
| Olmi F. et al. (SS) |
| Olmi F. et al. (1995) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Stara P. (1996) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Moldovan et al. (2013) | |
| Stara | |
| Cavinato A. (1939) +1 other reference | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1989) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| PflΓΌgel (1982) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Cadoni et al. (1) +1 other reference | |
| Brizzi et al. (1994) |
| Stara P. (1996) | |
| Preite et al. (2007) |
| Stara |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Lovisato (1908) +3 other references |
| www.associazionemineralogicasarda.it (n.d.) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 3/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis) |
| Gian Claudio Lecca et al. (2024) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| [AmMin 85:1563] +2 other references |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Mair (1996) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Daniel Lorenz |
| Ferretti et al. (2017) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Conedera M. et al. (2016) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Bortolozzi G.M. et al. (2022) |
| Maiello et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2021) |
| Rocchetti I. (1992) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2013) |
| Campostrini et al. (2005) |
| Ferretti et al. (2019) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Gasparetto et al. (2014) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Erica Bittarello +3 other references | |
| "Lithothek der MΓΌnchener Micromounter" ... |
| Bardi et al. (2017) +1 other reference |
| Sabelli C. et al. (1996) | |
| Bazzoni et al. (2007) | |
| "Lithothek der MΓΌnchener Micromounter" ... |
| Jansen et al. (1998) | |
| Batacchi et al. (2013) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2001) | |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
| Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals (2) | |
| www.comune.pisa.it (2000) | |
| Perchiazzi et al. (1990) | |
| Am Min 67:385-393 +1 other reference | |
| Orlandi et al. (1985) |
| W. Strohschneider (1975) |
| Libvrna NΒ°5 - 2022 |
| Bonifazi (2021) |
| Franzini et al. (1992) +2 other references |
| RΓΆgner et al. (2000) |
| Jansen et al. (1998) |
| Luigi Chiappino data |
| Biagioni (2009) |
| |
| Biagioni (2009) |
| Capperi M. et al. (FI) |
| Brizzi et al. (3) |
| Nannoni |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| A. Perugini collection |
| |
| Sergio Pegoraro et al. (2022) +2 other references |
| Lapis (2) +1 other reference |
| Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza) |
| Lapis +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Suzuki et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Sadanaga et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Sadanaga et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
| Matsubara (2008) |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 18 (1996) |
| Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia V. 15, 2003) |
| Excelibur Mineral Co. specimen |
| - (Tada-ginzan article in the show guide for the 5th Osaka mineral show) +1 other reference |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| Minerals in Japan (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15) |
| Kusachi et al (1986) |
| Munich Lithothek specimens (2015 Versandliste) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Ohnishi et al. (2001) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Sadanaga et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
| Yamada (2004) | |
| Akira Kato (2009) |
| SHIROSE et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kalinin et al. (2018) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ... |
| Litvinovich et al. (1960) |
| Jeremolenko (2002) |
| maurice.strahlen.org (2016) |
| Evseev (1995) | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| maurice.strahlen.org (2003) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Pekov (1998) |
Laos | |
| Michael Stott |
Luxembourg | |
| Philippo et al. (2007) |
| Philippo Simon (Γ©diteur) | |
Madagascar | |
| Lacroix (1899) |
| Behier (1963) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Mexico | |
| Swoboda (1998) |
| Wilson (1980) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Hoffmann (1968) +1 other reference |
| Moore (2008) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| |
| - (1911) |
| Espinosa Perea (1999) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Lapis 2001 (1) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Valencia et al. (2006) +2 other references |
| Panczner (1987) |
| |
Mongolia | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Morocco | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Fabre (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Giovanni Scapin Collection |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection + EDS | |
| JP Barral collection |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Christophe Boutry collection |
| [MinRec 18:160 |
Mozambique | |
| Paul Van Hee photo and specimen |
Myanmar | |
| Dill et al. (2013) |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Moore (2010) |
| Niedermayr (2001) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references |
| Jahn (2002) +1 other reference |
| Francois Retief collection |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) +1 other reference |
New Zealand | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| a new occurrence. Mineralogical Magazine +1 other reference |
| Essence of Microscope (2012) | |
| Railton et al. (1990) | |
| Courtney et al. (1990) |
Norway | |
| Breivik (2015) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Eldjarn (1977) |
| Raade (1973) +1 other reference | |
| Folvik (2005) | |
| Berg (1994) |
| Raade (1972) +2 other references |
| Juul Nilsen (1993) | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-6590 | |
| Juul Nilsen (1993) | |
| Nordrum (1995) |
| Raade (1972) |
| Raade (1995) | |
| |
| Neumann (1985) +1 other reference |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Garmo (1974) |
| Neumann (1985) | |
| Garmo (2013) | |
| Husdal (2021) |
| Michalsen (2019) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| - (n.d.) |
| WitsΓΈ (1995) |
| WitsΓΈ (1999) +1 other reference |
| WitsΓΈ (1995) | |
| Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ... | |
| Atle Michaelsen collection & photo (From Torgeir Garmo) |
| Nordrum (2003) |
Oman | |
| Pracejus et al. (2017) |
Pakistan | |
| Ikram Mineralogy | |
| Ikram Mineralogy |
Peru | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Rozelle |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) | |
| Petersen (1970) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) | |
| Petersen (1970) |
| Hyrsl et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| HyrΕ‘l (2011) |
| HyrΕ‘l (2011) | |
| Hulse (2015) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Singer et al. (2008) | |
Philippines | |
| Natural History Museum Vienna ore ... |
Poland | |
| GoΕΔbiowska B. et al. (2006) |
| Siuda (2004) |
| Siuda (2001) | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Ciesielczuk +5 other references |
| Siuda (2011) |
| Eligiusz SzeΕΔg collection (SEM/EDS identification) |
| Mederski et al. (2021) |
| Wieser et al. (1986) |
Portugal | |
| Marques de SΓ‘ et al. (2010) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Field observations (Pedro Alves, 2017) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Pedro Alves analytical data |
| Alves (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
| Pedro Alves analytical data and ... |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Martins da Pedra collection |
| SXRD-analysed by Dr. Uwe Kolitsch |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Hugo Lobo Collection |
| Elmar Lackner specimen (single-crystal XRD analysis by Uwe Kolitsch, August 2006) |
| Schnorrer-KΓΆhler et al. (1991) |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Nunes (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (2017) |
| |
| Alves et al. (2017) |
| |
| Pedro Alves collection et al. (2002) |
| Pedro Alves (2013) |
Romania | |
| G.Koller 2008-2009 |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| J Behier collection |
| minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008) | |
| SzakΓ‘ll (2002) | |
| Acta Mineralogica Petrographica |
| Apopei et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Ε. Kruszewski visual identification |
Russia | |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Pekov et al. (2011) |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| Chitalin et al. (2023) |
| Nikolaev et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Kalko et al. (2014) | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Pekov et al. (2022) |
| Bortnikova et al. (2017) |
| Savva et al. (2023) |
| PEKOV et al. (2013) |
| Mikhailova et al. (2007) | |
| Arzamastsev et al. (2008) | |
| Ivanyuk et al. (2018) |
| Mikhailova et al. (2015) | |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
| Mikhailov et al. (2021) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Kievlenko E.V. (1983) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2021) |
| - (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2015) |
| Palyanova et al. (2018) |
| Gongalsky et al. (2019) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) +6 other references |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Slovakia | |
| Kodě +3 other references |
| Kodě +2 other references | |
| Ε tevko et al. (2016) |
| Ε tevko et al. (2011) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Martin Ε tevko-unpublished | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Ε tevko M. et al. (2018) |
| HoppanovΓ‘ et al. (2023) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Grecula (1995) |
| Martin Ε tevko-unpublished |
| Ε tevko M. (2014) |
| VlasΓ‘Δ et al. (2021) |
| OzdΓn D. & Gregor M. |
| Sejkora J. |
| HΓ‘ber et al. (SGR) | |
| Sejkora J. | |
| PauliΕ‘ et al. (2002) | |
| KodΔra (1986) | |
| Martin Ε tevko-unpublished |
| Ε tevko M. (2022) | |
| Ε tevko M. (2022) | |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| Martin Ε tevko-unpublished |
| KodΔra (1986) | |
| Martin Ε tevko |
| Martin Ε tevko-unpublished | |
| Ε tevko M. (2022) | |
| Martin Ε tevko-unpublished |
| PauliΕ‘ et al. (2002) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) |
| KodΔra (1986) | |
| KodΔra (1986) | |
| Chovan et al. (1995) |
South Africa | |
| S. Weinert (2006) |
| Robert O. Meyer collection +1 other reference |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Meulenbeld et al. (2014) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) | |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Wight (2002) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Meyer et al. (1986) | |
| Schoch et al. (1985) |
| Cairncross (2004) | |
| Steffen Michalski Collection - all ... |
Spain | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Ko Jansen | |
| Valladares et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| Valladares et al. (2021) | |
| in Spanish version (Revista de Minerales) +1 other reference |
| A. Arribas et al. (2005) |
| Christiane & Jean-Robert Eytier ... |
| Marcel Valladares collection |
| Rewitzer et al. (2020) |
| GarcΓa Guirado (2016) |
| Carmona Ruiz et al. (2018) |
| MineralUp (Revista de Minerales) +1 other reference |
| CΓ©sar Menor SalvΓ‘n et al. (2014) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Calvo (2018) |
| Centro de interpretaciΓ³n de la ... |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (2022) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (2022) +1 other reference | |
| Boixereu-Vila et al. (2025) |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya (2/3) |
| Ignacio Herrera +13 other references |
| Joan Rosell |
| Pedro Mingueza et al. (2022) |
| RodrΓguez +4 other references |
| Joan Abella i Creus and Joan ViΓ±als i OliΓ (2012) +1 other reference |
| Joan Abella i Creus |
| Calvo (1994) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Minerals as determined by analysis by ... +1 other reference |
| JosΓ© GonzΓ‘lez del TΓ‘nago. "Minerales ... |
| SalvΓ‘n et al. (2024) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| MinRec-2003-0708-315 |
| Fabre (n.d.) |
Sweden | |
| Jonsson (2010) |
| Persson (2000) |
| Öhman et al. (2004) |
| Andersson et al. (2024) | |
Switzerland | |
| |
| EDXS analyses |
| Meisser (1999) +1 other reference | |
| EDXS analyses | |
| Meisser (1999) | |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference |
| Die Mineralien der Schweiz +1 other reference |
| Schweizer Strahler |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| GrΓΆbner J. (2017) |
| Stobbe (1987) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2012) |
| |
| Kolitsch (1998) | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| EDXS analyses +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| EDXS analyses | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| 86. (in German) +2 other references | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Ansermet et al. (2021) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
| Bruno LΓΌscher collection - collected ... |
| Personally collected by GΓΌnter Frenz |
Taiwan | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
Tajikistan | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
| Turlychkin et al. (1972) | |
| Pekov (1998) |
Tanzania | |
| Hassan et al. (2024) |
Tunisia | |
| Garnit et al. (2018) |
Turkey | |
| Yigit (2012) |
| Kines (1969) |
| Kines (1969) | |
UK | |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| Semmons (1885) +1 other reference | |
| Knight et al. (1970) +1 other reference |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Richard de Nul collection | |
| Peter Trebilcock. | |
| Braithwaite et al. (1982) |
| |
| Virginia Maine collection | |
| Virginia Maine collection |
| P Haas (2007) | |
| Dale Foster / Crofty Consultancy - ... | |
| Bruce et al. (1998) |
| |
| Martin Stolworthy Collection | |
| |
| LeBoutillier et al. (2003) | |
| BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| S. Rust collection. | |
| Steve Rust collection | |
| Specimen from Dragon Minerals |
| G.Curtis collection. |
| LeBoutillier et al. (2000) |
| |
| Peter Trebilcock.Self Collected. |
| Elton et al. (2004) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Dines (1956) |
| Rudler (1905) |
| Chris Popham Collection | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Jay I.G. Roland |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Richard de Nul collection |
| collected in April 2003 by P Haas +1 other reference |
| Ian Jones collection |
| Ansermet (2007) |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Virginia Maine collection |
| Virginia Maine collection | |
| Robin Selley and Roger Eslick (2004) |
| Miers (1894) +1 other reference | |
| Steve Rust collection |
| Steve Rust collection | |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference | |
| P Haas (collected 2007) |
| Richard de Nul collection | |
| S. Rust collection | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| P Haas | |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Andrew Hodgson collection. |
| Steve Rust collection | |
| Elton (1998) +1 other reference |
| Embrey et al. (1987) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| Jarvis +2 other references |
| Day (1999) |
| S. Rust collection | |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +3 other references |
| Cooper et al. (1990) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +3 other references | |
| Davidson et al. (1951) +4 other references |
| Mike Leppington collection (visual ID) | |
| - (2006) |
| Hartley (1984) +2 other references | |
| Davidson et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
| Kingsbury (xxxx) +4 other references | |
| Davidson et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
| comprising a familiar account of ... +12 other references | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) | |
| Day (1999) | |
| Paul Nicholson Collection |
| Paul Nicholson |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Day (1999) |
| BMS Collection |
| |
| Green et al. (2000) |
| University Manchester Museum | |
| NHM (2010) |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +2 other references |
| Kingsbury (xxxx) +1 other reference |
| Briscoe et al. (2008) | |
| |
| Day (1999) |
| Braithwaite (1983) +1 other reference |
| Braithwaite (1983) | |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| S. Rust collection |
| Chris Popham |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Virginia Maine collection |
| Barry Pitt personally collected from the waste dumps in 2022 Specimen A β Sky blue material. XRD no. NMW X-3884 = probable cyanotrichite (far from a perfect match) | |
| |
| Conroy (2023) | |
| Braithwaite et al. (1982) | |
| |
| Rumsey et al. (2008) |
| Hubbard et al. (2005) |
| Day (1999) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Braithwaite (1982) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Steve Rust collection |
| Rust (1995) |
| Day (1999) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Wet chemical identification by Dr ... |
| Livingstone et al. (1976) +2 other references |
| Braithwaite et al. (1990) | |
| Anthony (1997) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Green (1987) +2 other references |
| S. Rust collection | |
| S. Rust collection. | |
| Day (1999) | |
| S.Rust Collection | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| |
| Braithwaite (1982) | |
| Steve Rust collection |
| Bevins (1994) |
| Day (1999) |
| Rust et al. (1988) | |
| S Rust collection | |
| |
| S Rust collection |
| Mason et al. (1996) |
| S. Rust collection |
| S.Rust Collection |
| S.Rust collection |
| Chris Popham Collection | |
| Day (1999) | |
| Jones (1987) | |
| |
| M.M.Wirth collection |
| Green et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| |
| Day (1999) | |
| |
| Mason et al. (1997) |
| Bevins et al. (1985) |
| Day (1999) |
| Dave Evans collection |
| S. Rust collection |
| |
| S.Rust Collection |
| Day (1999) |
| Cotterell et al. (2011) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Rust et al. (1987) | |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| S. Rust collection | |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) | |
Ukraine | |
| A. Tischenko. Minerals of the Crimea - ... |
| Dvoichenko (1914) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Dean (1995) |
| - (2008) |
| Ransome (1904a) +2 other references |
| Ransome (1904) +7 other references |
| Richard Graeme | |
| Graeme (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Rob Bowell | |
| Robert Bowell and Rolf Luetcke | |
| Singer et al. (2005) | |
| Ransome (1904) +5 other references |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| "The Accidental Pocket" talk presented ... |
| Ron Layton self collected | |
| Bob Jenkins |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Bruce J. Murphy | |
| Galbraith (1959) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Rob Bowell | |
| Rob Bowell | |
| Marek Chorazewicz (2023) |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Rolf Luetcke | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Leicht (1971) +1 other reference |
| Wenrich et al. (1992) |
| Gornitz (2004) +1 other reference |
| Van Gosen et al. (2025) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10026861 +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Kiersch (1949) +3 other references |
| Eastlick |
| Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Frank Karasti |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027438 |
| Jones (1980) +2 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10027008 |
| Hutton (1959) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Robinson et al. (1966) +1 other reference |
| Dana 7:II:578 +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 945 | |
| Univ. of AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17) | |
| Lindgren (1904) +6 other references | |
| Univ. AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17) |
| Univ. AZ Bull. 41 (1916-17) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10088902 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10088900 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10282444 +1 other reference | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10048285 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10048130 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10027704 |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Williams et al. (1975) +1 other reference | |
| Keith (1978) +1 other reference |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| John Lucking |
| MinRec 19 (3) | |
| Verfied by Bob Jenkins |
| Genth (1868) +2 other references |
| Hill (1914b) +2 other references |
| Granger et al. (1962) +1 other reference |
| Reinhardt (1952) |
| Gilluly (1937) +3 other references |
| Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Ronald Render |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Khin (1970) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| 297-309. +3 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10096172 |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10186598 | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10048300 | |
| Jones et al. (1983) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Barnes et al. (1983) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Dana 6: 1094 +3 other references | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Wilson (1933) +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 140 & 692. +1 other reference |
| Rogers (1912) +1 other reference |
| Pemberton (1983) |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| Hall (1963) +2 other references |
| Crowley (1975) +3 other references |
| Hall (1958) +4 other references |
| Rocks & Min.: 23:504-507. |
| Mineral News: 16 (9) +4 other references | |
| with a section on the stratigraphy of ... +7 other references |
| Paul M. Adams (2003) |
| Kampf et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Adams (2000) +1 other reference |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) | |
| Ball (1907) +1 other reference |
| Dr. Robert Housley |
| MarekC pers. coll. 2017-2018 |
| Dunning et al. (2005) |
| Dunning et al. (2005) | |
| Dunning et al. (2005) | |
| Murdoch (1966) +2 other references |
| Daniel J. Evanich visual identification |
| Cooper et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Bowen et al. (1954) +1 other reference |
| Bowen et al. (1954) +2 other references |
| Bowen et al. (1954) +2 other references | |
| Hawley et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Wise (1993) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Murdoch (1966) | |
| Housley et al. (1999) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Hewett (1956) +2 other references |
| Kampf et al. (2010) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Joe Marty specimens | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Murdoch (1966) | |
| Crowley (1977) +3 other references |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Tony Kampf (PXRD analysis) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckhard D. Stuart collection (XRD by Canadian Museum of Nature) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Beroni +2 other references |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361 |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:5 pp358-359 |
| Kampf et al. (2019) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| In the collection of Alex Earl |
| Jeremy Zolan Collecton- Specimens ... |
| Cook (1978) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Chris DeGrave Collection |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Ream (2004) | |
| Ream (2005) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2004) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Mines of the Washington D.C Area |
| Bernstein (1980) |
| Dunn et al. (1975) |
| Tom Rosemeyer collection. |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| www.mineralnews.com (2002) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Min News 21:7 p 1 | |
| Guilbert and Zeihen 1964 +2 other references |
| Collected and identified by Anaconda ... | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| - (2005) |
| Schilling (1979) +2 other references |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| LaPointe et al. (199) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| ncma.minresco.com (n.d.) |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| Collection of Alex Earl | |
| USGS Prof Paper 798D +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| Singer et al. (2005) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| American Mineralogist 10:137-139 |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Knopf (1918) +1 other reference |
| from Jungles collection | |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Pullman et al. (1999) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Tony Nikischer |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| The Minerals of Rhyolite Pass |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Doebrich +2 other references | |
| Ross (1961) +1 other reference | |
| Ross (1961) |
| U.S.G.S. Bulletin 973E |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Ross (1961) |
| Castor et al. (1993) |
| Castor et al. (1993) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
| Peggy L. Smith (1983) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Ameican Mineralogist +2 other references |
| Jensen (1993) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Am Min 57:3 pp 364-367 +1 other reference |
| Smith |
| A. Plante collection +3 other references |
| Woodward (1944) |
| Minerals of Laurel Hill et al. (published privately) |
| Sassen (1978) |
| Cook (1973) +2 other references |
| Glover et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Glover et al. (1975) +1 other reference | |
| - (2005) +1 other reference |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Chester S. Lemanski |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| R&M 71:1 p66-68 +1 other reference |
| Robert E. Wastrom Collection |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| R & J DeMark Minerals of the Carnahan ... | |
| R&M 67:6 p390-395 | |
| Henry L. Jicha (1954) +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Info according to Michael Michayluk |
| Collected by Ray DeMark |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Rocks & Minerals: 78 (6) | |
| Daniel Hummer Collection | |
| Ian Merkel | |
| Michael C Michayluk Collection | |
| John S Sobolewski collection | |
| Mineralization of the Hansonburg Mining ... | |
| M Massis collection |
| DeMark et al. (1999) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Collection of Patrick Haynes. Found in ... | |
| Januzzi +1 other reference |
| Goble et al. (1980) |
| Chamberlain et al. (2001) |
| Carpenter (1976) |
| - (2005) |
| Carpenter (1976) |
| - (2005) | |
| U.S Bureau of Mines/Spatial Data from the Minerals System/Mineral Industry Location System (Mas/Mils) | |
| Jason B. Smith collection |
| Smith et al. (1997) |
| Lobell (1986) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min. vol. 72 (1997) |
| The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1966-1975 +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (1977) |
| Sloto (1989) |
| Sloto (1989) |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Smith et al. (1984) |
| Smith and Hioff (1984) | |
| Smith (1978) |
| Smith (1991) |
| Smith (1991) | |
| Smith (1991) |
| Smith (1991) | |
| Smith (1991) | |
| Price et al. (1985) | |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 |
| Collection of Alex Earl |
| |
| - (2005) |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 | |
| Butler (1913) +2 other references |
| Chris Tucker Collection |
| Butler (1913) | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| - (2005) |
| USGS: Geological Survey Circular 312 +2 other references |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Dana 6: 1092. +3 other references | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references | |
| - (2005) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Coolbaugh et al. (2020) |
| |
| Roberts et al. (1997) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Finnell et al. (1963) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Kampf et al. (2008) |
| Joe Marty Collection |
| University of Utah XRD Report 01/25/16 |
| Roland Schmidt Collection No. 2321 | |
| - (2005) |
| Kampf et al. (2015) |
| Patrick Haynes. IDs by the late Howard ... | |
| Kampf et al. (2018) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| PlΓ‘Ε‘il et al. (2013) |
| Rick Dalrymple Collection | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| USGS TEI #514 +2 other references | |
| - (2005) | |
| Mandarino (1999) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) | |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Thorne (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62 |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) |
| - (2005) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Washington Geology |
| Loucks (1976) |
| - (2005) | |
Zambia | |
| personal visits and collecting in 1996 ... |
Zimbabwe | |
| Vetter et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
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Jean Baptiste Mine, Kamariza Mines, Agios Konstantinos, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece