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Cardenas-Vera, Alan, Lentz, David R., McFarlane, Christopher R.M., Thorne, Kathleen G. (2025) Assessment of pyrite and arsenopyrite compositions, in situ S isotopes, and bulk Pb isotopes from the Cape Spencer gold deposit, New Brunswick, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 178. 106492 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106492

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Reference TypeJournal (article/letter/editorial)
TitleAssessment of pyrite and arsenopyrite compositions, in situ S isotopes, and bulk Pb isotopes from the Cape Spencer gold deposit, New Brunswick, Canada
JournalOre Geology Reviews
AuthorsCardenas-Vera, AlanAuthor
Lentz, David R.Author
McFarlane, Christopher R.M.Author
Thorne, Kathleen G.Author
Year2025Volume<   178   >
Page(s)106492
URL
DOIdoi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106492Search in ResearchGate
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Mindat Ref. ID18037355Long-form Identifiermindat:1:5:18037355:4
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Full ReferenceCardenas-Vera, Alan, Lentz, David R., McFarlane, Christopher R.M., Thorne, Kathleen G. (2025) Assessment of pyrite and arsenopyrite compositions, in situ S isotopes, and bulk Pb isotopes from the Cape Spencer gold deposit, New Brunswick, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 178. 106492 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106492
Plain TextCardenas-Vera, Alan, Lentz, David R., McFarlane, Christopher R.M., Thorne, Kathleen G. (2025) Assessment of pyrite and arsenopyrite compositions, in situ S isotopes, and bulk Pb isotopes from the Cape Spencer gold deposit, New Brunswick, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 178. 106492 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106492
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Abstract/NotesThe Cape Spencer gold deposit is situated proximal to the boundary between two major lithotectonic zones of the Canadian Appalachians, the Caledonia and Meguma terranes, within a fold-thrust belt in southern New Brunswick along the Minas Fault Zone. Gold mineralization occurs in quartz-dominant veins with 2–5 % sulphides hosted by the highly deformed and sheared rocks of the Millican Lake Granite and the Cape Spencer Formation. In this research, in situ S isotope and trace-element concentrations of pyrite in combination with bulk pyrite Pb isotope analyses are presented to better understand the metal sources, fluid channels, and mechanisms of ore deposition. Based on textural characteristics and trace element concentrations, five generations of pyrite from the hydrothermal stage were identified in the ore bodies: Py1a, Py1b, Py2a, Py2b, and Py3. The first pyrite generations, Py1a and Py1b (substage I), contain higher concentrations of Co and Ni than pyrite from substages II and III and have positive δ34S values ranging from +6.8 to +18.7 ‰. Economic concentrations of gold are associated with Py2a and Py2b (substage II), which occur as spongy and porous pyrite; Py2a pyrites contain visible gold along fractures and margins. Py1a to Py2b display an Au-Ag-Pb-Bi-Te association, also supported by the presence of hessite, petzite, sylvanite, and native bismuth in the gold ores. Pyrites from substage II display slightly less positive values of δ34S of +1.0 to +12.3 ‰. The last identified pyrite generation, Py3 (substage III), contains no gold and is characterized by high concentrations of As and Cu compared with pyrites from the previous generations and negative δ34S values of −9.8 to −3.8 ‰. This sequential shift towards more negative values from Py1 to Py2 may be induced by phase separation and wall-rock sulphidation processes, in addition to interaction with rocks of the Lancaster Formation for Py3. The generally low gold contents (<0.3 ppm) in pyrite and visible gold within fractures and along pyrite grain margins suggest post-depositional dissolution of pyrite. The influx of ore fluids, consistent with cyclic decompression, induced the removal of iron from Fe-bearing minerals, mainly specular hematite that led to an increase of the Fe in the fluid, destabilizing the Au(HS)2- complexes and promoted the depletion of S and subsequent gold precipitation. The ore-forming fluids were transported along major structures and derived from a mixed source that includes intrusive and metasedimentary rocks from the Avalonia and Meguma terranes, sharing similar characteristics to those values from the Meguma gold deposits, as indicated by both the S and Pb isotope signatures.

References Listed

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LocalityCitation Details
Cape Spencer mine, Simonds Parish, Saint John Co., New Brunswick, Canada

Mineral Occurrences

LocalityMineral(s)
Cape Spencer mine, Simonds Parish, Saint John Co., New Brunswick, Canada Albite, Ankerite, Arkosic sand, Arsenopyrite, Baryte, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite Group, Conglomerate, Electrum, Epidote, Feldspar Group, Galena, Gold-bearing Pyrite, Granite, Granodiorite, Hematite, Hessite, Illite, Mudstone, Muscovite, Native Bismuth, Native Gold, Polymictic conglomerate, Pyrite, Quartz, Quartzose sandstone, Sandstone, Scheelite, Shale, Siltstone, Slate, Specularite, Sphalerite, Stibnite


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