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Fresnoite

A valid IMA mineral species
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03676150017360473926990.jpg
Fresnoite

Graulay quarry, Hillesheim, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
06775140017360473939441.jpg
Fresnoite, etc.

Junnila Mine, Santa Rita Peak, San Benito County, California, USA
09955460017271923228900.jpg
Fresnoite

Graulay quarry, Hillesheim, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
03676150017360473926990.jpg
Fresnoite

Graulay quarry, Hillesheim, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
06775140017360473939441.jpg
Fresnoite, etc.

Junnila Mine, Santa Rita Peak, San Benito County, California, USA
09955460017271923228900.jpg
Fresnoite

Graulay quarry, Hillesheim, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
03676150017360473926990.jpg
Fresnoite

Graulay quarry, Hillesheim, Gerolstein, Vulkaneifel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
06775140017360473939441.jpg
Fresnoite, etc.

Junnila Mine, Santa Rita Peak, San Benito County, California, USA
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About FresnoiteHide

08174180017271923335849.jpg
Eckhard D. Stuart at the Esquire No.7

Esquire No. 7 claim, Big Creek, Big Creek-Rush Creek Mining District, Fresno County, California, USA
Formula:
Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
Colour:
Lemon to canary yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.43
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named by John T. Alfors, Melvin C. Stinson, Robert A. Matthews and Adolf Pabst in 1965 for Fresno County that includes the type locality.
The Ba analogue of alfredcasparite.
Fresnoite is ferroelectric.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1607
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1607:6

IMA Classification of FresnoiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ba2TiO(Si2O7)
First published:
1965

Classification of FresnoiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2025):
9.BE.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 8th ed.:
55.4.2.1

55 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups,Generally with no Additional Anions
4 : Si2O7 Groups, Generally with No Additional Anions with cations in [8] and lower coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.9.11

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
FnoIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of FresnoiteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of FresnoiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Colour:
Lemon to canary yellow
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
(001)
Density:
4.43 g/cm3 (Measured)    
Comment:
Determined using a sample totaling 10.77 mg.

Optical Data of FresnoiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.775 nε = 1.765
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Very High
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
In transmitted polarized light, from yellow to colorless. The mineral characteristically shows anomalous blueinterference colors.

Chemistry of FresnoiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ba54.206 %
O25.261 %
Si11.086 %
Ti9.447 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
Ba, O, Si, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca,Sr,K

Crystallography of FresnoiteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4mm - Ditetragonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
P4bm
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.52 Å, c = 5.21 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.612
Unit Cell V:
378.20 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0010704FresnoiteMoore P B, Louisnathan S J (1969) The crystal structure of fresnoite, Ba2(TiO)Si2O7 Positive polarity Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 130 438-4481969sanbornite deposits of eastern Fresno County, California, USA0293
0010705FresnoiteMoore P B, Louisnathan S J (1969) The crystal structure of fresnoite, Ba2(TiO)Si2O7 Negative polarity Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 130 438-4481969sanbornite deposits of eastern Fresno County, California, USA0293
0015916FresnoiteMasse R, Grenier J, Durif A (1967) Structure cristalline de la fresnoite _cod_database_code 1007234 Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mineralogie et de Cristallographie 90 20-2319670293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.20 Å(20)
3.81 Å(20)
3.305 Å(50)
3.08 Å(100)
2.695 Å(20)
2.610 Å(20)
2.150 Å(30)
2.065 Å(25)
Comments:
Esquire No. 7 claim, California, USA (Alfors et al. 1965).

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Type Occurrence of FresnoiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Esquire No. 7 claim, Big Creek, Big Creek-Rush Creek Mining District, Fresno County, California, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:
Sparse grains, generally less than 1 mm long.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
California Division of Mines and Geology, San Francisco, California, USA.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Gneissic metamorphic rocks composed mainly of sanbornite and quartz.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
CelsianDiopsidePyrrhotiteTaramellite

Synonyms of FresnoiteHide

Other Language Names for FresnoiteHide

Dutch:Fresnoiet
German:Fresnoit
Simplified Chinese:硅钛钡石
Spanish:Fresnoita
Traditional Chinese:矽鈦鋇石

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
25 photos of Fresnoite associated with AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
9 photos of Fresnoite associated with QuartzSiO2
7 photos of Fresnoite associated with SanborniteBaSi2O5
7 photos of Fresnoite associated with BaziriteBaZr(Si3O9)
6 photos of Fresnoite associated with CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
6 photos of Fresnoite associated with PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
4 photos of Fresnoite associated with Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
4 photos of Fresnoite associated with StrontiojoaquiniteSr2Ba2(Na,Fe)2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O
3 photos of Fresnoite associated with WalstromiteBaCa2(Si3O9)
3 photos of Fresnoite associated with KampfiteBa12(Si11Al5)O31(CO3)8Cl5

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.BE.ZinkgruvaniteBa4Mn2+4Fe3+2(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O2(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.Calciomurmanite(Na,◻)2Ca(Ti,Mg,Nb)4[Si2O7]2O2(OH,O)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.CámaraiteBa3Na(Fe2+,Mn)8Ti4(Si2O7)4O4(OH,F)7Tric. 1
9.BE.AlfredcaspariteSr2TiO(Si2O7)Tet. 4mm : P4bm
9.BE.Batievaite-(Y)Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.Nacareniobsite-(Y)Na3Ca3YNb(Si2O7)2OF3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.BobshannoniteNa2KBa(Mn,Na)8(Nb,Ti)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2Tric.
9.BE.ParalomonosoviteNa6◻4Ti4(Si2O7)2[PO3OH][PO2(OH)2]O2(OF)Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.MadeiraiteNa2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.BortolaniteCa2(Ca1.5Zr0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.MoxuanxueiteNaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.Delhuyarite-(Ce)Ce4Mg(Fe3+,W)3◻(Si2O7)2O6(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.Christofschäferite-(Ce)Ce3CaMnTiFe(3+)Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BE.XAsimowiteFe2+4O(Si2O7)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.BE.Biraite-(La)La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.PilanesbergiteNa2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.02WadsleyiteMg4O(Si2O7)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.BE.02Ohtaniite Mg3(Si0.5◻0.5)Si2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.BE.05LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05HennomartiniteSrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05CortesognoiteCaV2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05NoelbensoniteBaMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mm2
9.BE.05ItoigawaiteSrAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.07IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.BE.07Amamoorite CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.07ManganilvaiteCaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.10SuoluniteCa2(H2Si2O7) · H2OOrth. mm2 : Fdd2
9.BE.12JaffeiteCa6(Si2O7)(OH)6Trig. 3 : P3
9.BE.17Janhaugite(Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BE.17BurpaliteNa2CaZr(Si2O7)F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.17Niocalite(Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2Mon. m
9.BE.17NormanditeNaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OFMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.17HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.17LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.17CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.17WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3FMon. 2 : P21
9.BE.17BaghdaditeCa6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)Na3Ca3(Ce,REE)Nb(Si2O7)2OF3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.20Roumaite(Ca,Na,REE,◻)7(Nb,Ti)[Si2O7]2OF3Mon. m : Bb
9.BE.20Rinkite-(Ce)(Ca3Ce)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Nd) Ca2(CaNd)Na3Nb(Si2O7)2(OF)F2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.20Rinkite-(Y)Na2Ca4YTi(Si2O7)2OF3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.20Mosandrite-(Ce)(Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5◻0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.22Hainite-(Y)Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22RosenbuschiteNa6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22Fogoite-(Y)Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22KochiteNa3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.23DovyreniteCa6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite(Na,Mn2+)3(Sr,Na)2(Ti,Fe3+)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,O,F)2Mon. 2/m
9.BE.25SeidozeriteNa4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite(BaNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P2/m
9.BE.25SchülleriteBa2Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25EricssoniteBaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25GrenmariteNa4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25KazanskyiteBaNa3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25SaamiteBa◻Na3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)F(H2O)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25EmmerichiteBa2Na(Na,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Mg)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite(Ba,Na)2(Na,Ti,Fe3+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O(OH,F)Mon.
9.BE.25Ericssonite-2OBaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Orth.
9.BE.25Fluorbarytolamprophyllite(Ba,Sr)2[(Na,Fe2+)3(Ti,Mg)F2][Ti2(Si2O7)2O2]Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25FluorlamprophylliteNa3(SrNa)Ti3(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25LileyiteBa2(Na,Fe,Ca)3MgTi2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.27KolskyiteCaNa2Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)7Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27VigrishiniteNaZnTi4(Si2O7)2O3(OH)(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27SelivanovaiteNaFe3+Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27MurmaniteNa2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.30Epistolite(Na◻)Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.32LomonosoviteNa5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.35VuonnemiteNa11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH)Tric.
9.BE.37SoboleviteNa13Ca2Mn2Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O3F3Mon. m : Pb
9.BE.40Ferroinnelite Ba4Ti2Na(NaFe2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.40PhosphoinneliteNa3Ba4Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4,SO4)2O2FTric.
9.BE.40Innelite Ba4Ti2Na(NaMn2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.42YoshimuraiteBa2Mn2Ti(Si2O7)(PO4)O(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.42HoriiteBa2Mn2Mn4Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.45QuadruphiteNa6Na2(CaNa)2Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O4F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.47PolyphiteNa5(Na4Ca2)Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)3O2F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50Shkatulkalite Na2Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(FO)(H2O)4(H2O)3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50BornemaniteNa6BaTi2Nb(Si2O7)2(PO4)O2(OH)F Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.55HejtmaniteBa2Mn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Tric. 1
9.BE.55Bykovaite(Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(H2O,F,OH)2 · 3.5H2OMon. 2/m
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite(Ba,Sr,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(O,H2O,F)2 · 4.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.55BafertisiteBa2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Tric.
9.BE.60Delindeite(Na,K)2(Ba,Ca)2(Ti,Fe,Al)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.62Orthochevkinite(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)2(Ti,Fe3+)3Si4O22Orth.
9.BE.62 vaStrontium Perrierite(Ce,Sr,La,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr,Fe)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8
9.BE.62Chevkinite-(Nd)(Nd,REE)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 ?
9.BE.62Perrierite-(Nd)Nd4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 ?
9.BE.65BusseniteNa2Ba2Fe2+Ti(Si2O7)(CO3)(OH)3FTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67JinshajiangiteBaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2FTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67PerraultiteBaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2FTric. 1
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)(Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2O8(Si2O7)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2OAmor.
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,◻)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70MatsubaraiteSr4Ti5(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70RengeiteSr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70Hezuolinite(Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+)4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70UM2008-53-SiO:SrTiZrSr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)(La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe2+,Mn)(Ti,Fe3+,Al)4[(Si2O7)O4]2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.72FersmaniteCa4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3Tric.
9.BE.75BelkoviteBa3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12Hex. 6 m2 : P62m
9.BE.77NasonitePb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2Hex. 6/m : P63/m
9.BE.80MelanotekitePb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21
9.BE.80KentrolitePb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
9.BE.82Alexkuznetsovite-(La)La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.82TilleyiteCa5(Si2O7)(CO3)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.85KillalaiteCa6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)(La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30Trig. 3 : P31
9.BE.90Magnesiorowlandite-(Y)Y4(Mg,Fe)(Si2O7)2F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BE.92Cervandonite-(Ce)(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH)Trig. 3m : R3m
9.BE.92Chirvinskyite(Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn,◻)2(Ti,Zr)5(Si2O7)4(OH,O)12 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.95RusinoviteCa10(Si2O7)3Cl2 Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.95BatisiviteBaV3+8Ti6(Si2O7)O22Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.97Schlüterite-(Y)(Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2FMon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of FresnoiteHide

In UV light:
Pale yellow under SW UV @ 265.2 nm.
No fluorescence under LW UV @ 365.0 nm.

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:
Fuses at about 4. Partially melted when heated in an electric furnace to 1200 °C and completely melted at 1300 °C to a yellow glass.
Notes:
Insoluble or only slightly soluble in most cold dilute acids and bases. Decomposed by hot 1:1 HCl and cold acetic acid leaving a colorless residue.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for FresnoiteHide

References for FresnoiteHide

Reference List:
Halliyal, A.; Bhalla, A. S.; Markgraf, S. A.; Cross, L. E.; Newnham, R. E. (1985): Unusual pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) single crystal and polar glass-ceramics. Ferroelectrics 62(1-2), 27-38.
T. Höche, C. Rüssel, W.Neumann (1999) Incommensurate modulations in Ba2TiSi2O8, Sr2TiSi2O8, and Ba2TiGe2O8. Solid State Communications, 110, 651-656.
Markgraf, S. A.; Sharm, S. K.; Bhalla, A. S. (1993): Raman study of fresnoite-type materials: polarized single crystal, crystalline powders, and glasses. Journal of Materials Research 8(3), 635-648.
Markgraf, S. A.; Halliyal, A.; Bhalla, A. S.; Newnham, R. E.; Prewitt, C. T. (1985): X-ray structure refinement and pyroelectric investigation of fresnoite, Ba2TiSi2O8. Ferroelectrics 62(1-2), 17-26.
Völtzke, Dieter; Müller, Thomas; Abicht, Hans Peter; Freude, Dieter (1991): Zur Synthese von reinem Fresnoit [On the synthesis of pure fresnoite]. Silikattechnik 42(9), 313-318. (In German.)
Alfors, John T., Stinson, Melvin C., Matthews, Robert A., Pabst, Adolf (1965) Seven new barium minerals from eastern Fresno County, California. American Mineralogist, 50 (3-4) 314-340
Masse, René, Grenier, Jean-Claude, Durif-Varambon, André (1967) Structure cristalline de la fresnoïte. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 90 (1) 20-23 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1967.6061
Moore, P. B., Louisnathan, J. (1967) Fresnoite: Unusal Titanium Coordination. Science, 156 (3780) 1361-1362 doi:10.1126/science.156.3780.1361
Blasse, G. (1968) Fluorescence of compounds with fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) structure. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 30 (8) 2283-2284 doi:10.1016/0022-1902(68)80233-7
Moore, Paul B.; Louisnathan, S. John (1969) The crystal structure of fresnoite, Ba2(TiO)Si2O7. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 130 (1-6). 438-448 doi:10.1524/zkri.1969.130.1-6.438
Robbins, C.R. (1970) Synthesis and growth of fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) from a TiO2 flux and its relation to the system BaTiO3-SiO2. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A: Physics and Chemistry, 74 (2). 229pp. doi:10.6028/jres.074a.018
Kimura, Masakazu, Fujino, Yoshio, Kawamura, Tsutomu (1976) New piezoelectric crystal: Synthetic fresnoite (Ba2Si2TiO8). Applied Physics Letters, 29 (4). 227-228 doi:10.1063/1.89045
Haussühl, S., Eckstein, J., Recker, K., Wallrafen, F. (1977) Growth and physical properties of fresnoite Ba2TiSi2O8. Journal of Crystal Growth, 40 (2). 200-204 doi:10.1016/0022-0248(77)90006-9
Kimura, Masakazu (1977) Elastic and piezoelectric properties of Ba2Si2TiO8. Journal of Applied Physics, 48 (7). 2850-2856 doi:10.1063/1.324092
Gabelica-Robert, M., Tarte, P. (1981) Vibrational spectrum of fresnoite (Ba2TiOSi2O7) and isostructural compounds. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 7 (1) 26-30 doi:10.1007/bf00308197
Halliyal, A., Bhalla, A. S., Newnham, R. E., Cross, L. E. (1981) Ba2TiGe2O8 and Ba2TiSi2O8 pyroelectric glass-ceramics. Journal of Materials Science, 16. 1023-1028 doi:10.1007/bf00542748
Farges, F. (1996) Coordination of Ti in crystalline and glassy fresnoites: a high resolution XANES spectroscopy study at the Ti K-edge. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids: 204: 53-64.
Kleine, S. (1999) The Great Fresnoite Discovery of 1998. Rock & Gem: 29(3): p52.
Foster, M. C., Arbogast, D. J., Nielson, R. M., Photinos, P., Abrahams, S. C. (1999) Fresnoite: A new ferroelectric mineral. Journal of Applied Physics, 85 (4). 2299-2303 doi:10.1063/1.369541
(2001) Fresnoite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Mayerhöfer, Th.G, Dunken, H.H (2001) Single-crystal IR spectroscopic investigation on fresnoite, Sr-fresnoite and Ge-fresnoite. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 25 (2) 185-195 doi:10.1016/s0924-2031(01)00090-x
Höche, Thomas, Kleebe, Hans-Joachim, Brydson, Rik (2001) Can fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) incorporate Ti3+when crystallizing from highly reduced melts?. Philosophical Magazine A, 81 (4). 825-839 doi:10.1080/01418610151133258
Mayerhöfer, Th.G, Dunken, H.H (2001) Single-crystal IR spectroscopic investigation on fresnoite, Sr-fresnoite and Ge-fresnoite. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 25 (2) 185-195 doi:10.1016/s0924-2031(01)00090-x
Withers, R. L., Tabira, Y., Liu, Y., Höche, T. (2002) A TEM and RUM study of the inherent displacive flexibility of the fresnoite framework structure type. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 29 (9) 624-632 doi:10.1007/s00269-002-0265-3
Mann, Matthew, Abbott, Edward E., Kolis, Joseph W. (2010) Hydrothermal crystal growth of fresnoite. Journal of Crystal Growth, 312 (22). 3395-3400 doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.08.023
Schmid, S., Allen, P. (2011) Phase transitions in modulated fresnoite phases for piezoelectric applications. Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography, 67. doi:10.1107/s0108767311082122
Shen, Chuanying, Zhang, Huaijin, Cong, Hengjiang, Yu, Haohai, Wang, Jiyang, Zhang, Shujun (2014) Investigations on the thermal and piezoelectric properties of fresnoite Ba2TiSi2O8 single crystals. Journal of Applied Physics, 116 (4). 44106pp. doi:10.1063/1.4891827
Shen, Chuanying, Wang, Duanliang, Zhang, Jinyue, Zhang, Huaijin, Wang, Jiyang, Boughton, Robert I. (2018) The growth and investigations of electromechanical properties of Fresnoite Ba2Si2TiO8 crystal as a function of orientation. Journal of Crystal Growth, 487. 17-22 doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.02.003
Chukanov, Nikita V., Kazheva, Olga N., Fischer, Reinhard X., Aksenov, Sergey M. (2023) Refinement of the crystal structure of fresnoite, Ba2TiSi2O8, from Löhley (Eifel district, Germany); Gladstone–Dale compatibility, electronic polarizability and vibrational spectroscopy of minerals and inorganic compounds with pentacoordinated TiIVand a titanyl bond. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials, 79 (2) 184-194 doi:10.1107/s2052520622012045
Kim, Hwangsun (Sunny), Tiukalova, Elizaveta, Manley, Michael E, Hermann, Raphael P, Chi, Miaofang, Lupini, Andrew R (2024) Atomic Scale Observation of Incommensurate Modulation in Ba2TiSi2O8. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 30. doi:10.1093/mam/ozae044.747

Localities for FresnoiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada
 
  • Yukon
    • Watson Lake mining district
      • Itsi Mountain
        • Wilson Lake
Robinson (1986) +1 other reference
DR Congo
 
  • North Kivu
    • Nyiragongo Territory
Andersen et al. (2014)
Germany
 
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Mayen
        • Seekante
Skrzyńska et al. (2023)
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Juroszek et al. (2022) +1 other reference
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Daun
Hentschel (1989)
Hentschel (1989) +2 other references
      • Gerolstein
        • Gerolstein
          • Roth
Blaß et al. (2012)
        • Hillesheim
Hentschel (1993) +1 other reference
Israel
 
  • Southern District
    • Beersheba Subdistrict
      • Tamar Regional Council
Galuskin et al. (2015)
        • Hatrurim Basin
Krzątała et al. (2020)
Krzątała et al. (2023)
Mexico
 
  • Baja California
    • Ensenada Municipality
      • El Alamo
Richard Gunter Collection.
    • Tres Pozos
Pavel Kartashov's analytical data
Mongolia
 
  • Töv Province
    • Bayan District
Peretyazhko et al. (2017)
    • Choir-Nyalga basin
Peretyazhko et al. (2017) +1 other reference
Russia
 
[World of Stones 12:49]
Tajikistan
 
  • Gorno-Badakhshan
Solovova et al. (2006, October)
USA (TL)
 
  • California
    • Fresno County
      • Big Creek-Rush Creek Mining District
        • Big Creek
Walstrom (n.d.) +4 other references
Walstrom (n.d.)
        • Rush Creek
Walstrom (n.d.)
Walstrom (n.d.) +2 other references
Eckhard D. Stuart and Robert E. Walstrom
    • Humboldt County
      • Coastal Range
    • Mariposa County
      • East Belt
        • Clearing House Mining District
          • Clearing House
            • Trumbull Peak
Newberry et al. (1981) +1 other reference
    • San Benito County
      • Picacho Peak
Pabst (1978) +5 other references
      • Santa Rita Peak
Wise (1982) +2 other references
www.benitoitemine.com +1 other reference
    • Tulare County
      • Dumtah
Alfors et al. (1984) +1 other reference
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