Aurichalcite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Aurichalcite
Formula:
(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Zn:Cu ratio is about 5:2, but may approach 2:1.
Colour:
Pale green, sky blue, or greenish blue; colourless to light shades of blue or green in transmitted light
Lustre:
Silky, Pearly
Hardness:
1 - 2
Specific Gravity:
3.96
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
A sage noted that the Aurichalcum (Latinized version of the Greek ορείχαλκος - "mountain copper") of the ancients was "cuivre de Corinthe", yellow copper or brass; in 1839, Th. Böttger named the mineral accordingly, in allusion to its copper and zinc content, the constituents of brass.
A secondary mineral in copper and zinc deposits, aurichalcite is typically found as blue or green crusts or mats of tiny acicular crystals, often as feathery, tufted, druzes; more rarely it is found as columnar crystal aggregates or crusts of either lamellar aggregates or as granular aggregates.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
422
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:422:4
IMA Classification of Aurichalcite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Aurichalcite
5.BA.15
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
Dana 7th ed.:
16.4.2.1
16a.4.2.1
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO3)2Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)5(XO3)2Zq
11.6.5
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ach | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Aurichalcite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Aurichalcite
Silky, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale green, sky blue, or greenish blue; colourless to light shades of blue or green in transmitted light
Streak:
Light blue
Hardness:
1 - 2 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Fragile
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {010} and {100}.
Perfect on {010} and {100}.
Parting:
None
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.96 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.93 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Aurichalcite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.655 nβ = 1.740 nγ = 1.744
2V:
Measured: 1° to 4°, Calculated: 22°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.089
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong r < v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = Colourless
Y = Blue-green
Z = Blue-green
Y = Blue-green
Z = Blue-green
Chemistry of Aurichalcite
Mindat Formula:
(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Zn:Cu ratio is about 5:2, but may approach 2:1.
Zn:Cu ratio is about 5:2, but may approach 2:1.
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Ca
Crystallography of Aurichalcite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.82 Å, b = 6.419 Å, c = 5.29 Å
β = 101.04°
β = 101.04°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.153 : 1 : 0.824
Unit Cell V:
460.59 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals elongated on [100], striated in {100} parallel to (001), (010), producing a fine grid-like appearance corresponding to cleavage planes or twinning directions. Delicate acicular or lath-like crystals; tufted, feathery, or plumose incrustations; columnar structure rare, granular.
Twinning:
Observed in X-ray studies.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009883 | Aurichalcite | Harding M M, Kariuki B M, Cernik R, Cressey G (1994) The structure of aurichalcite, (Cu,Zn)5(OH)6(CO3)2, determined from a microcrystal Acta Crystallographica B50 673-676 |  | 1994 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.78 Å | (100) |
| 3.68 Å | (70) |
| 3.25 Å | (30) |
| 2.89 Å | (40) |
| 2.81 Å | (30) |
| 2.72 Å | (40) |
| 2.61 Å | (80) |
| 1.656 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
A secondary mineral in oxidized copper and zinc ore deposits, typically as crusts.
Type Occurrence of Aurichalcite
Synonyms of Aurichalcite
Other Language Names for Aurichalcite
Basque:Aurikaltzita
Catalan:Auricalcita
Dutch:Aurichalciet
Japanese:水亜鉛銅鉱
Russian:Аурихальцит
Simplified Chinese:绿铜锌矿
Slovak:Aurichalcit
Spanish:Auricalcita
Buratita
Buratita
Swedish:Aurikalcit
Ukrainian:Аурихальцит
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 602 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 401 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 390 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 210 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 172 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 144 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 135 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 77 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 69 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 65 photos of Aurichalcite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BA.05 | Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Mcguinnessite | (Mg,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Zincrosasite | (Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Parádsasvárite | Zn2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Rosasite | (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Nullaginite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Georgeite | [Cu(OH)2-x(H2O)x][CO3]x/2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Glaukosphaerite | (Cu,Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Pokrovskite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Kolwezite | CuCo(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Chukanovite | Fe2+2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Perchiazziite | Co2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.15 | Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 5.BA.20 | Holdawayite | Mn6(CO3)2(OH)7(Cl,OH) |
| 5.BA.25 | UM1977-03-COSiO:CaClH | Ca10-11(CO3)7(SiO4)Cl1-2(OH)1-2 |
| 5.BA.25 | Defernite | Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42] |
| 5.BA.30 | Sclarite | Zn7(CO3)2(OH)10 |
| 5.BA.30 | Loseyite | (Mn2+,Zn,Mg)4Zn3(CO3)2(OH)10 |
Fluorescence of Aurichalcite
None
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in acids and in ammonia.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
A very minor ore of zinc and copper.
Internet Links for Aurichalcite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-422.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Aurichalcite
Reference List:
Glocker, Ernst Friedrich (1847) Generum et specierum mineralium, secundum ordines naturales digestorum synopsis, omnium, quotquot adhuc reperta sunt, mineralium nomina complectens [A synopsis of the genera and species of minerals, according to their natural orders, including the names of all the minerals that have yet been discovered.]. Eduardus Anton. 348 pp. p.230 - as Orichalcit
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.43
Jambor, J. L., Pouliot, G. (1965) X-ray crystallography of aurichalcite and hydrozincite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 8 (3) 385-389
Alwan, Alwan K., Thomas, J. H., Williams, Peter A. (1980) Mineral formation from aqueous solution. Part III. The stability of aurichalcite, (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6, and rosasite (Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2. Transition Metal Chemistry, 5 (1). 3-5 doi:10.1007/bf01396855
Harding, M. M., Kariuki, B. M., Cernik, R., Cressey, G. (1994) The structure of aurichalcite, (Cu,Zn)5(OH)6(CO3)2, determined from a microcrystal. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 50 (6) 673-676 doi:10.1107/s0108768194007470
Reddy, B. J. (2004) Spectroscopic characterisation of rosasite and aurichalcite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2004 (7) 302-316 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2004/2004-0302
Frost, Ray L., Hales, Matt C., Jagannadha Reddy, B. (2007) Aurichalcite – An SEM and Raman spectroscopic study. Polyhedron, 26 (13). 3291-3300 doi:10.1016/j.poly.2007.03.003
Frost, Ray L., Locke, Ashley, Reddy, B. Jagannadha, Hales, Matt C. (2008) Synthesis and vibrational spectroscopic characterisation of nickel containing aurichalcite. Polyhedron, 27 (3) 1033-1040 doi:10.1016/j.poly.2007.11.032
Frost, R. L., Locke, A. J., Hales, M. C., Martens, W. N. (2008) Thermal stability of synthetic aurichalcite implications for making mixed metal oxides for use as catalysts. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 94 (1) 203-208 doi:10.1007/s10973-007-8634-2
Localities for Aurichalcite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| N. Pezzutti y M. K. de Brodtkorb (1975) |
| Brodtkorb et al. (1999) | |
| Brodtkorb (2006) |
Australia | |
| McQueen +2 other references |
| Dieter Mylius mineral collection |
| B. G. Lottermoser: P. M. Ashley (1997) |
| B. G. Lottermoser: P. M. Ashley (1997) +1 other reference |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Museum Victoria collection |
| Collection of RJ Martin inferred from ... |
| Munro-Smith (2006) |
| Tony Parker collection |
| Costas Constantinides collection | |
| Haupt (2012) |
| Haupt (2012) | |
| Haupt et al. (2025) |
| Kolitsch et al. (1999) |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... |
| Francis (2010) |
| Noble et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Bottrill |
| |
| |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
| Nickel et al. (1993) | |
| Simpson (1951) |
| Downes et al. (2011) |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| C. Auer (2011) |
| Gröbner (1998) |
| G. Blass (2001) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| J. Taucher: Carinthia II 186./106.:120-121 (1996) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr (1987) +1 other reference |
| Exel (1993) | |
| www.indra-g.at (2016) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1996) | |
| Meixner 1981 |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Steir.Mineralog 25/2011 |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 187./107.:174 (1997) |
| Hiden (1997) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2012) | |
| Hiden (1997) | |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch (2016) |
| Auer (1998) |
| NIEDERMAYR (1988) | |
| Auer (2024) | |
| C.Auer (2013) | |
| Kirchner et al. (2007) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) +1 other reference |
| Putz (2004) |
| C.Auer (2018) |
| Niedermayr (2008) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Poeverlein (2008) | |
| Chris Auer |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Mrazek et al. (1992) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2000) | |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| C.Auer (1988) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) +2 other references |
| Schachinger et al. (2013) |
| Auer (2020) |
| C.Auer (2019) |
| Auer (2023) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Auer (2018) |
| Haditsch (1967) |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Jakely (2008) |
| F.Bernhard |
| Jakely (2008) | |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Lapis 29 (6) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2008) |
| Poeverlein |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2007) |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) | |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Arlt et al. (1994) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch (2014) | |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2011) |
Belgium | |
| Joris Coron Collection +1 other reference |
| de Koninck (1876) +3 other references |
| Hatert et al. (2002) | |
| Michel Blondieau collection |
| Blondieau (1997) |
Bulgaria | |
| Lips (2006) |
| Svetoslav Petrussenko et al. (2007) |
| www.geologija-revija.si (n.d.) +2 other references |
Canada | |
| Personal collection of John Dagenais |
| Sabina +2 other references |
| Norman Wilson collection |
| Stavinga et al. (2017) |
| nsminerals.atspace.com (2005) |
| Cleaver et al. (2021) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Jambor (1967) |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference |
| Dawson Creek +1 other reference | |
Chile | |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| M. Dini & A.Molina Collections - analysed with quantitative and semi quantitative methods by Dr. Jochen Schluter (curator of Hamburg Mineral Museum) |
China | |
| Shen (n.d.) |
| Shen (n.d.) | |
| Shen (n.d.) | |
| JSS collection |
Czech Republic | |
| RÜSENBERG et al. (1996) |
| Šrein +1 other reference |
| Pauliš P. et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Sejkora et al. (2006) |
| Fojt |
| Pauliš et al. (2023) |
| Fojt (A) |
| Kuttna +1 other reference | |
| Houzar |
| Sejkora et al. (2012) |
| Slavíček |
| Petr Fuchs collection (analysed by Ing. P. Pauliš) |
| Analysed by geology lab Green Gas DPB |
DR Congo | |
| Deliens (1996) +1 other reference |
Egypt | |
| Gatto Rotondo et al. (2012) |
France | |
| Several AFM members collection |
| Barral (2023) |
| Gramblička (n.d.) |
| Collected by Michel Blondieau |
| Y. Vessely collection |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Data BRGM 0649-2X-4001 | |
| Pascal Chollet collection |
| De Ascencao Guedes R. (2001) |
| Collection Yves Mourey |
| MOUREY Y. (2017) | |
| OLLIC Pascal Collection | |
| Passsaqui et al. (2007) |
| Duriez (1983) |
| HP Schröder collection |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Thierry Brunsperger & Alain Schaefer ... |
| Cédrick Gineste photo & collection (Photo id 355214) |
| Gol (2012) |
| Remy Ph. (2003) |
| Patrice Queneau Collection and ... |
| Gol (2014) |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| Berbain C. & Aymar J. (1991) |
| Berbain et al. (2000) |
| Les Anciennes mines de Padern - Montgaillard ( Aude ) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) | |
| www.zampano.com (n.d.) |
| Leconte J. et al. (2016) |
| Jean-Marie LAURENT collection | |
| Favreau et al. (2010) |
| Gol (2012) |
| Jean Claude Dol |
| |
| Several AFM members collection |
| Gol et al. (2010) |
| Stephane Maury Collection | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Gol et al. (2010) | |
| Marcel Valladares collection |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| BERBAIN et al. (2010) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) | |
| Berbain et al. (2005) | |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Berbain et al. (2007) |
| Dubru. M (1986) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Laurent J-M. (2003) |
| Guy Bernadi collection; EDX analysis ... +1 other reference |
| Legrand et al. (1986) |
| R. Pierrot |
| Jean-Luc Portes Collection |
| Stephane Maury Collection |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Gruber (2000) |
| Walenta (1994) | |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| ... | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| Blaß et al. (2000) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Lapis 23 (12) |
| Lapis 9 (1) |
| 90. +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Obermüller (2003) |
| PETITJEAN collection |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) | |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Wittern et al. (1986) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| |
| |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Erik Vercammen collection | |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner (2001) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blaß et al. (2021) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) | |
| Weiß (1990) +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Henrich (2009) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1987) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| International Association of Collectors of Slag Minerals (3) +1 other reference | |
| Graf et al. (1982) |
| Graf et al. (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1988) +1 other reference |
| Vetter (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2000) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Henrich (2007) | |
| Vanrusselt (2023) |
| Vanrusselt (2023) | |
| Günter Frenz collection +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Graf (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Thomas Kleser Collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gerfried Seidel collection | |
| Thomas Luehr collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Thomas Lühr Collection |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Silvio Herrmann |
| Gerhard Möhn Collection Analyzed by ... |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Möhn et al. (12/2020) |
| Mädler (1992) | |
| Hochleitner (1990) +1 other reference |
| Sebastian Möller | |
| Hajek (2010) |
| Haake et al. (1994) |
| Witzke (2023) |
| Gröbner et al. (2006) |
Greece | |
| Giester et al. (2014) |
| Colleen Thomson collection | |
| LAPIS 24 (7/8) +1 other reference | |
| |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) |
| Lapis et al. (1999) |
| Blaß et al. (1998) |
| Frenzel (1895) | |
| |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Rieck (n.d.) |
| Blaß et al. (1998) | |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya +2 other references |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya | |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Sándor et al. (2005) | |
Iran | |
| Lapis 1977/VI +1 other reference |
| Maziar Nazari (2005) |
| Henk van der Pijl specimens |
| Wilke (1977) |
| Collection of RJ Martin from the (labelled) | |
| Wilke (1977) |
Ireland | |
| de Haller +1 other reference |
| Sir Arthur Russell Collection (NHM London) |
| D Jordan collection |
| |
Italy | |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Bartoli et al. (2008) |
| Bartoli et al. (2008) | |
| Scacchetti et al. (2023) | |
| Sylvano IOB Collection +1 other reference |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Negretti +2 other references |
| Ciuffardi et al. (2008) |
| Marchesini M. |
| Balestra-Castellaro-Kampf |
| Pelloux (1926) +1 other reference |
| Castellaro-Kampf |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf | |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Bertolini A. Rivista Mineralogica ... |
| Gramaccioli et al. (1992) |
| G.M.Gramaccioli |
| Maida (2002) |
| Maida (2002) |
| P. Capitanio collection | |
| Maida (2002) |
| Maida et al. (2012) | |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| Collection Luigi Possenti-Giancarlo ... | |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Luigi Possenti Collection |
| Luigi Possenti Collection |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Battaini et al. (1942) |
| Vergani F. et al. (2020) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bedognè +2 other references |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Besana et al. (1995) |
| Albertini C. (2014) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara et al. (1999) |
| Olmi F. et al. (1995) |
| Orlandi et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Luigi Chiappino data |
| Stara P. (1996) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| De Michele (1974) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1989) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1989) | |
| Pflügel (1982) | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Stara P. (1996) |
| Preite et al. (2007) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Antonio Gamboni collection +1 other reference | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Stara et al. (1995) |
| Lovisato (1908) +3 other references | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 3/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis) |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) | |
| |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Mair (1996) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Mair (1996) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Exel (1987) +1 other reference |
| Ferretti P. et al. (Lavis, Trentino-Alto Adige) |
| Canal et al. (2012) |
| Rocchetti I. (2012) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Vecchi et al. (2013) |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2013) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Raman Spectroscopy |
| Gasparetto et al. (2014) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Erica Bittarello +3 other references | |
| "Lithothek der Münchener Micromounter" ... |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) | |
| Sabelli C. et al. (1996) | |
| Bazzoni et al. (2007) | |
| "Lithothek der Münchener Micromounter" ... |
| Bazzoni C. et al. |
| Batacchi et al. (2011) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2001) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
| Int. Assoc. of Collectors of Slag Minerals (2) +1 other reference | |
| www.comune.pisa.it (2000) +1 other reference | |
| Nannoni R. et al. (2012) +1 other reference | |
| Dini A. (2013) | |
| vom Rath G. (1868) +2 other references | |
| De Michele (1974) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Nannoni R. et al. (2012) |
| REGIONE TOSCANA | |
| Nannoni R. et al. (2012) +1 other reference | |
| Cerutti et al. (1995) |
| Barsotti et al. (2006) |
| Selmi (1982) +1 other reference | |
| Jansen et al. (1998) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2004) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Boscardin et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) | |
| Orlandi et al. (2000) |
| Betti C. (2000) |
| Orlandi (2005) |
| Capperi M. et al. (FI) |
| Brizzi et al. (3) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2016) |
| |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Boscardin M. et alii. "I minerali nel Vicentino" et al. (Vicenza) | |
| Pegoraro et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Sergio Pegoraro et al. (2022) +2 other references |
| Pegoraro S. et al. (2009) |
| Pegoraro S. (2014) | |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Saccardo D. et al. (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza) |
| Matteo Chineletto |
| Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza) | |
| Lapis |
| Zordan et al. (2001) +2 other references |
Japan | |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Cook (2005) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Ohe Rikosha specimens |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| Kusachi et al (1986) |
| Ohnishi et al. (2001) |
| Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Cook (2005) |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Evseev (1995) |
| Litvinovich et al. (1960) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Pekov (1998) |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1963) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Querol +1 other reference |
| Speckels (1965) +6 other references |
| Moore (2008) | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Dana 7:II:959 +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Favreau (n.d.) | |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau (n.d.) |
| Barral (2023) | |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing et al. (2016) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| von Bezing et al. (2016) |
Norway | |
| Breivik (2015) |
| Goldschmidt (1912) |
| Raade (1995) | |
| Nordrum (2002) |
| Peter Andresen collection |
| Goldschmidt (1912) +1 other reference | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection MM # 3403 | |
| Peter Andresen collection | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-4539 (Visual Id) | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) | |
| Bjørlykke (1959) |
Peru | |
| Mondillo et al. (2014) |
Poland | |
| Domań +2 other references |
| Eligiusz Szełęg collection (SEM/EDS identification) |
Portugal | |
| Antonio Jesus Pimentel and José Gomes ... +1 other reference |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Pedro Alves analytical data |
| Luis Martins colection |
Republic of the Congo | |
| Leon Hupperichs collection |
| www.spiriferminerals.com (2020) | |
| Didier Descouens in Wikimedia Commons +2 other references | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Romania | |
| Szakáll (2002) |
| Onac (2002) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist 40:1693 +1 other reference |
| Onac et al. (2002) | |
| Onac et al. (2002) | |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Constantinescu et al. (1982) | |
| Acta Mineralogica Petrographica +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| Boettger T (1839) +2 other references |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Slovakia | |
| Kodě +2 other references |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
| Števko M. (2019) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Slovenia | |
| Žorž et al. (2002) |
South Africa | |
| S. Weinert (2006) +1 other reference |
| Stephen J. Gomersall Collection |
| SAMS (South African Micromount Society) | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Reeks (2007) |
| South African Micromount newsletter |
Spain | |
| Viñals et al. (2008) |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| Viñals et al. (2004) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Castro et al. (2019) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Romero Silva et al. (2013) |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2008) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Gutiérrez et al. (2000) |
| Gutiérrez et al. (2009) |
| Rafa Muñoz Alvarado collection |
| ... |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| fabreminerals.com |
| Revista de minerales (Mars) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Echevarría (2000) | |
| Echevarría (2000) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Cesar Menor Salvan |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Calvo et al. (2002) |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| Mineralogistes de Catalunya (2/3) |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| Calvo et al. (Spain) | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (2008) |
| Mata i Perelló (1990) |
| Garcia G. et al. (2004) |
| www.mineralogia.es (n.d.) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
Sweden | |
| Öhman et al. (2000) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Le Cristallier Suisse (7) | |
| Vanini F. et al. (1998) | |
| Stéphane Eggs & Alexandre Salzmann |
| Ansermet S. (1996) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Philippe Roth's collection | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| EDXS analyses | |
| 86. (in German) +2 other references | |
| EDXS analyses +2 other references | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference | |
Tajikistan | |
| St. Petersburg University's Mineral ... |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
| Turlychkin et al. (1972) | |
Turkey | |
| Richard Bayerl collection | |
| Erik Vercammen collection and field ... |
UK | |
| |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Dunham et al. (2nd Edition) |
| Bridges et al. (1998) |
| Bridges et al. (1998) | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +2 other references | |
| Cooper et al. (1990) | |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +3 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) |
| Kingsbury et al. (MS) +3 other references | |
| Day (1999) | |
| Green et al. (2008) |
| Bridges et al. (2008) | |
| Greg et al. (1858) +7 other references | |
| Paul Nicholson Collection |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Lloyd Llewellyn collection (visual identification) |
| Day (1999) |
| [BMS] |
| P. Nicholson Collection |
| |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 441-449 +2 other references |
| BMS Collection +1 other reference |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 441-449 +1 other reference |
| [Specimen in the Natural History Museum +3 other references | |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 441-449 |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Steve Sorrell Collection |
| Own collection |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Lloyd Llewellyn - collected from ... |
| Dunham et al. (2nd Edition) |
| Young et al. (1997) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Day (1999) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| P. Nicholson Collection |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Day (1999) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Ford et al. (1993) |
| |
| Rust (1995) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 36 (1968) +1 other reference | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 441-449 | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 441-449 | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Tindle (2008) | |
| |
| Livingstone et al. (1976) |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Russell Society Newsletter 5 |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) | |
| Day (1999) |
| S Rust collection |
| S. Rust collection |
| Jones (1987) |
| |
| Green et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| S.Rust Collection | |
| Render (n.d.) |
| Day (1999) |
| Cotterell et al. (2011) |
| |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Render (n.d.) | |
| Day (1999) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Graeme (1993) |
| Kunz (1885) +4 other references |
| King (n.d.) | |
| Dana 6:1093. | |
| "The Accidental Pocket" talk presented ... |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Cooper (1951) +2 other references |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039384 | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Howell (1977) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10027116 |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| - (1951, July) +2 other references | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10046274 | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10048118 |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Leicht (1971) +1 other reference |
| Keith (1972) +1 other reference |
| Douglas Merson collection |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| MinRec 19 (3) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| - (1951, July) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039625 | |
| Keith (1974) +2 other references | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Williams (1961) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Galbraith (1959) +2 other references |
| Dana 6 & Dana 7:I +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Wilson (1984) |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Eckhard D. Stuart |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference |
| Smith (1988) |
| - (2005) | |
| Smith (1988) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min.:64:288-292. |
| Rocks & Min.: 64 (4) | |
| Howard (1989) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 64 (4) | |
| Howard (2007) | |
| Howard (1987) +1 other reference | |
| McLaughlin et al. (1985) |
| Andrew Haighton Collection |
| Crowley (1975) +3 other references | |
| Murdoch et al. (1942) +4 other references |
| Pemberton (1983) +3 other references |
| [… (abstract) +7 other references |
| Dunning +2 other references | |
| Calif. Div. of Mines & Geology Bull. #189 et al. (1966) +1 other reference |
| with a section on the stratigraphy of ... +8 other references |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Mackevett (1953) +4 other references |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) |
| Tom Trebisky - collection +2 other references | |
| Murdoch et al. (1966) |
| Troxel et al. (1962) +3 other references |
| Eakle (1922) +1 other reference |
| Hewett (1956) +2 other references |
| Pemberton (1983) +2 other references |
| Hewett (1956) +2 other references |
| Hewett (1956) +2 other references |
| The Blue Bell Claims San Bernardino ... +1 other reference |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Burton M. Jirgl collection. |
| DeVito (1991) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Minerals: Sept |
| The Oxidized Zinc Ores of Leadville ... |
| The Oxidized Zinc Ores of Leadville ... |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| The Oxidized Zinc Ores of Leadville ... |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Min.: 65:61. |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| James A. Bauer Collection |
| Rocks & Minerals 81:356-361 | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| David Busha collection |
| Miller (circa 1986) |
| Former Ed Force collection. |
| Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| former Ronald Januzzi collection. |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2005) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| The Kansas University Quarterly |
| Anderson (1994) | |
| Goldstein (2006) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| W. B. Thompson et al. (2005) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| Bernstein (1980) |
| Heyl et al. (1965) | |
| Gleba (2008) |
| Gleba (2008) |
| AmMin 25:375 | |
| George Vaux collection |
| Leonhard (1886) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Keller (1940) |
| Tom Buchholz found location and tested ... |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) | |
| www.mineralnews.com (2002) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Rob Lavinsky (ex. Dennis Mullane specimen) |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Gobla (2012) | |
| Chris Tucker Collection | |
| Waisman (1992) +1 other reference |
| Min News 21:7 p 1 | |
| Min News 20:6 pp11-12 |
| Geology and Ore Deposits of the Elkhorn ... +2 other references |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Longwell et al. (1965) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| USGS PP 162] +2 other references | |
| Longwell et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Patrick Haynes | |
| Rocks & Min.:11:243. |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. | |
| USGS PP 162] +1 other reference | |
| Hewett (1931) |
| Longwell et al. (1965) +2 other references | |
| Longwell et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Longwell et al. (1965) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Geoff Sterling Collection |
| |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| - (2005) |
| from Jungles collection |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals (2010) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Min News (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Personal observation of specimens from ... | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| A. Plante collection +3 other references |
| Ransom (1974) |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt (1900) |
| Palache (1935) +1 other reference |
| Peters et al. (1983) | |
| Personally collected by Modris Baum & ... |
| Palache (1935) +3 other references | |
| Patrick Haynes |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Michael C Michayluk Collection | |
| Patrick Haynes | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Brighton Alfred Collection. | |
| [Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... |
| [Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ... | |
| David Von Bargen et al. (1993) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Lasky (1947) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 34-43 | |
| Eckhard D. Stuart - collection |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| |
| Minerals of the Granite Gap Mines +1 other reference | |
| R. D. Green photo | |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 | |
| NMBMMR New Mexico Mineral symposium (2003) |
| Robert E.Walstrom Collection |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Eckhard D. Stuart - collection | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| 5th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985) +1 other reference | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| DeMark (1989) | |
| Visually identified by Patrick Haynes. |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| M Massis collection |
| Jerry Cone Collection | |
| Jerry Cone Collection | |
| DeMark et al. (1999) | |
| Gibbs (1989) | |
| USGS PP 200 (Loughlin,1942) | |
| Gibbs (1989) | |
| Betts (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) | |
| Robinson et al. (2007) |
| Jeremy Zolan Collection |
| NY State Museum spec. no. 290.5 |
| - (2005) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) | |
| Ross (1935) |
| Dana 6:1067 +1 other reference |
| Gordon (1922) |
| Smith (1977) |
| Matrix |
| Samuel S. Gordon +1 other reference |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| Smith (1977) |
| www.jonesgeo.com (2011) |
| Lapham et al. (1965) |
| |
| Michael W. Kieron collection |
| Rocks & Minerals 54:4 pp173-175 |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117-118. |
| Michael Lambert II Collection |
| Rocks & Minerals: 66 (3) |
| Rocks & Min. | |
| Dana et al. (1892) +2 other references |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Patrick Haynes. Most minerals ID'd via ... | |
| Butler (1913) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| R&M 68:6 p381-393 | |
| Collection of Alex Earl | |
| Collection of Alex Earl | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Roberts et al. (1997) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Dana 6: 1092. |
| Calkins +5 other references |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| R&M 68:6 p372-380 +1 other reference |
| Collection of Rick Dalrymple |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 20: 213. +2 other references |
| - (2005) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Area (S.W. Oquirrh Mountains) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62 +1 other reference | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Specimen in the Donald Volkman ... |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dunn (2024) |
| Falls et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Heyl et al. (1959) |
| Heyl et al. (1959) | |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998) | |
| Cordua (1998) | |
| Rosemeyer (1997) |
| Hausel et al. (2001) |
| - (2005) | |
Vietnam | |
| Cook (2005) |
Zambia | |
| Korowski et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
Zimbabwe | |
| Wolfgang Hampel (SEM-EDS, November 2014) |
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Blue Bell Mine, Zzyzx, Soda Mountains, Silver Lake Mining District, San Bernardino County, California, USA