Kawazulite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kawazulite
Formula:
Bi2Te2Se
Colour:
Silver to tin-white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
1½
Specific Gravity:
8.08 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named for the Kawazu mine, Japan, the type locality.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2170
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2170:4
IMA Classification of Kawazulite
Approved
First published:
1970
Classification of Kawazulite
2.DC.05
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
C : Variable M:S
2.11.7.5
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
3.7.34
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Kaw | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kawazulite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Silver to tin-white
Streak:
Light steel gray
Hardness:
1½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=100 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
{0001}
{0001}
Density:
8.08 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
D(meas.) = > 7.5
Optical Data of Kawazulite
Anisotropism:
strong: brownish-gray to gray
Bireflectance:
Weak to moderate.
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 45.8% | 50.6% |
| 440nm | 47.7% | 52.0% |
| 480nm | 49.6% | 54.3% |
| 520nm | 50.9% | 56.0% |
| 560nm | 51.7% | 56.6% |
| 600nm | 52.2% | 56.8% |
| 640nm | 52.3% | 56.6% |
| 680nm | 52.1% | 56.3% |
| 700nm | 51.9% | 56.2% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 56.8%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Pinkish creamy white to white with a creamy tint
Chemistry of Kawazulite
Mindat Formula:
Bi2Te2Se
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe,S
Crystallography of Kawazulite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
R3m
Setting:
R3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.24 Å, c = 29.66 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 6.995
Unit Cell V:
461.78 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Thin foils
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0013193 | Kawazulite | Nakajima S (1963) The crystal structure of Bi2Te3-xSex Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 24 479-485 | 1963 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.92 Å | (40) |
| 3.64 Å | (30) |
| 3.12 Å | (100) |
| 2.61 Å | (20) |
| 2.31 Å | (50) |
| 1.757 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Kawazulite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Very thin foils up to 4 mm across, with a maximum thickness of 50 microns.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Sakurai Museum, Tokyo, and the U.S. National Museum, Washington.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Tellurium deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kawazulite
Other Language Names for Kawazulite
Relationship of Kawazulite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Tetradymite Group:
| Baksanite | Bi6Te2S3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
| Ehrigite | Bi8Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Ikunolite | Bi4S3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Ingodite | Bi2TeS | Trig. |
| Joséite-A | Bi4TeS2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Laitakarite | Bi4(Se,S)3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Paraguanajuatite | Bi2Se3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Skippenite | Bi2TeSe2 | Trig. |
| Sulphotsumoite | Bi3Te2S | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
| Tellurantimony | Sb2Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Telluronevskite | Bi3TeSe2 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
| Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
| Tsumoite | BiTe | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m |
| Vihorlatite | Bi24Se17Te4 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1 |
| Zipserite | Bi5S4 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Kawazulite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Kawazulite associated with Native Gold | Au |
| 2 photos of Kawazulite associated with Eurekadumpite | (Cu,Zn)16(TeO3)2(AsO4)3Cl(OH)18 · 7H2O |
| 2 photos of Kawazulite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Quetzalcoatlite | Zn6Cu3(TeO6)2(OH)6 · AgxPbyClx+2y |
| 1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 1 photo of Kawazulite associated with Cobaltite | CoAsS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.DC.05 | Laitakarite | Bi4(Se,S)3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Paraguanajuatite | Bi2Se3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Telluronevskite | Bi3TeSe2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Hedleyite | Bi7Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Hitachiite | Pb5Bi2Te2S6 |
| 2.DC.05 | Tellurantimony | Sb2Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite | Bi4TeS2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Tellurobismuthite | Bi2Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite-A | Bi4TeS2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite-B | Bi4Te2S |
| 2.DC.05 | Nevskite | Bi(Se,S) |
| 2.DC.05 | Tetradymite | Bi2Te2S |
| 2.DC.05 | Protojoséite | Bi3(Te,S)2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Skippenite | Bi2TeSe2 |
| 2.DC.05 | UM1983-09-S:BiPbTe | PbBi3S2Te |
| 2.DC.05 | Pilsenite | Bi4Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Sztrókayite | Bi3TeS2 |
| 2.DC.05 | Baksanite | Bi6Te2S3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Joséite-C | Bi16Te3S9 |
| 2.DC.05 | Vihorlatite | Bi24Se17Te4 |
| 2.DC.05 | Tsumoite | BiTe |
| 2.DC.05 | Ikunolite | Bi4S3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Ehrigite | Bi8Te3 |
| 2.DC.05 | Ingodite | Bi2TeS |
| 2.DC.05 | Sulphotsumoite | Bi3Te2S |
| 2.DC.15 | Castaingite | CuMo2S5 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kawazulite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2170.html
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References for Kawazulite
Reference List:
Nakajima, Seizo (1963) The crystal structure of Bi2Te3−xSex. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 24. 479-485 doi:10.1016/0022-3697(63)90207-5
Miller, R. (1981) Kawazulite Bi2Te2Se, related bismuth minerals and selenian covellite from the Northwest Territories. The Canadian Mineralogist, 19 (2) 341-348
Localities for Kawazulite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +2 other references |
Australia | |
| Ehrig et al. (2012) |
Bulgaria | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Bonev +4 other references |
| Georgiev (2008) |
Canada | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Ames et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June) | |
Chad | |
| Rigobert et al. (2013) |
China | |
| Wu et al. (2024) |
Cuba | |
| Pérez-Vázquez et al. (1998) |
Czech Republic | |
| Mineral label from Steffen Mockel. In ... +1 other reference |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
Finland | |
| Fröhlich et al. (2021) |
| Kalinin (2021) |
| Geological Survey of Finland 2007 ... +1 other reference | |
| Kojonen |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2011) |
Hungary | |
| GEODA |
| Takács et al. (2017) |
Ireland | |
| Spinks et al. (2016) |
Japan | |
| Ono et al. (2004) +3 other references |
| Kato (1970) +3 other references |
| Nagashima et al. (2021) |
Kenya | |
| Salimo (2013) |
Norway | |
| Nordrum (2006) |
| Ciobanu et al. (2009) | |
| Nordrum (2001) | |
Philippines | |
| Fermor 2011: Ore Deposits in an ... |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2011) |
Romania | |
| Cook et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (2001) |
Russia | |
| Vikentev (2016, April) |
| Yakich et al. (2021) |
| Bortnikov et al. (2023) |
| Kozlov et al. (n.d.) |
| Буханова (2018) |
| Yakich et al. (2021) |
| Tamara Yu. Yakich * et al. (2024) +1 other reference | |
| Kuznetsov et al. (2012, January) |
| Moralev et al. (2005) |
| Kalinin (2021) |
| Kalinin (2021) +1 other reference | |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2022) |
Spain | |
| Cepedal et al. (2004) |
Sweden | |
| |
| Dobbe (1991) |
| Dobbe (1991) | |
| Cook et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Collected Jan. 2021 by Michael J. ... | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Mankins (2022) |
| Mankins (2022) | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Rustam Koneev et al. (2005) |
| Koneev et al. (2005) | |
| Kovalenker (2003) +2 other references |
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Kawazu mine, Rendaiji, Shimoda City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan