Vesuvianite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Gail Spann
About Vesuvianite
Formula:
Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
The formula is a partial simplification of the full structural formula. The large (VII-IX)-coordinated (X4)2(X3)8(X2)8(X1) sites are here combined (e.g. Ca19) and are typically filled with Ca, although other large cations such as the REE may be present. The square-pyramidal Y1 site can host a variety of M2+ and M3+ ions and is the basis for the distinction of several species. The VI-coordinated Y2 site typically is filled with Al, whereas the also VI-coordinated Y3 site may contain Al, Mg, and other cations of similar charge and size. The tetrahedral T1 site is typically vacant but may contain B (less commonly Al); the trigonal T2 site is also typically vacant but may also contain B. Some of the (SiO4) may be replaced by (H4O4), akin to the Si4+ ↔︎ 4H+ hydrogarnet substitution. Among the oxygen atoms that are not part of the silica tetrahedra, there are eight "O11" that typically occur as OH, two "O10" that are typically O & OH or OH & OH (the latter arrangement notably when Y1 is an M2+ cation). There may also be up to three "O12" that in most vesuvianite-group minerals are absent (and are not included here), but may be present particularly when T1 is occupied.
Colour:
Brown, yellow, brown-black, light green, emerald green, white, red, purple, violet, blue-green to blue
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
3.32 - 3.43
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Originally named "hyacinthus dictus octodecahedricus" by Moritz Anton Kappeler in 1723. Renamed "hyacinte du Vesuve" by Jean-Baptiste Louis Romé de L'Isle in 1772. This was possibly the inspiration for Abraham Gottlob Werner to rename the species "vesuvian" in 1795, after its discovery locality, Mount Vesuvius, Campania, Italy.
In 1799, Rene Just Haüy introduced the name "idocrase", which was formerly a popular name.
In 1799, Rene Just Haüy introduced the name "idocrase", which was formerly a popular name.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Hydroxyl analogue of Fluorvesuvianite. The Fe3+ (in site Y1; Panikorovskii et al., 2017) analogue of Alumovesuvianite and Manganvesuvianite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Vesuvianite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Vesuvianite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4223
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4223:5
IMA Classification of Vesuvianite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)10
Classification of Vesuvianite
9.BG.35
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
58.2.4.1
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
16.23.3
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
23 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Ca, and Mg
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
23 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Ca, and Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ves | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Ves | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Ves | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Ves | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Ves | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Vesuvianite
Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brown, yellow, brown-black, light green, emerald green, white, red, purple, violet, blue-green to blue
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Poor on {110}
Very poor on {100} {001}
Poor on {110}
Very poor on {100} {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.32 - 3.43 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.42 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Vesuvianite
Type:
Uniaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nω = 1.703 - 1.752 nε = 1.700 - 1.746
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.003 - 0.049
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
Strong
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O= colourless to yellowish
E= yellowish, greenish, brownish
E= yellowish, greenish, brownish
Comments:
May also be biaxial. Sectored.
Chemistry of Vesuvianite
Mindat Formula:
Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
The formula is a partial simplification of the full structural formula. The large (VII-IX)-coordinated (X4)2(X3)8(X2)8(X1) sites are here combined (e.g. Ca19) and are typically filled with Ca, although other large cations such as the REE may be present. The square-pyramidal Y1 site can host a variety of M2+ and M3+ ions and is the basis for the distinction of several species. The VI-coordinated Y2 site typically is filled with Al, whereas the also VI-coordinated Y3 site may contain Al, Mg, and other cations of similar charge and size. The tetrahedral T1 site is typically vacant but may contain B (less commonly Al); the trigonal T2 site is also typically vacant but may also contain B. Some of the (SiO4) may be replaced by (H4O4), akin to the Si4+ ↔︎ 4H+ hydrogarnet substitution. Among the oxygen atoms that are not part of the silica tetrahedra, there are eight "O11" that typically occur as OH, two "O10" that are typically O & OH or OH & OH (the latter arrangement notably when Y1 is an M2+ cation). There may also be up to three "O12" that in most vesuvianite-group minerals are absent (and are not included here), but may be present particularly when T1 is occupied.
The formula is a partial simplification of the full structural formula. The large (VII-IX)-coordinated (X4)2(X3)8(X2)8(X1) sites are here combined (e.g. Ca19) and are typically filled with Ca, although other large cations such as the REE may be present. The square-pyramidal Y1 site can host a variety of M2+ and M3+ ions and is the basis for the distinction of several species. The VI-coordinated Y2 site typically is filled with Al, whereas the also VI-coordinated Y3 site may contain Al, Mg, and other cations of similar charge and size. The tetrahedral T1 site is typically vacant but may contain B (less commonly Al); the trigonal T2 site is also typically vacant but may also contain B. Some of the (SiO4) may be replaced by (H4O4), akin to the Si4+ ↔︎ 4H+ hydrogarnet substitution. Among the oxygen atoms that are not part of the silica tetrahedra, there are eight "O11" that typically occur as OH, two "O10" that are typically O & OH or OH & OH (the latter arrangement notably when Y1 is an M2+ cation). There may also be up to three "O12" that in most vesuvianite-group minerals are absent (and are not included here), but may be present particularly when T1 is occupied.
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Be,B,F,Cu,Li,Na,K,Mn,Ti,Cr,Zn,H2O
Crystallography of Vesuvianite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/nnc
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.52 Å, c = 11.82 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.762
Unit Cell V:
2,847.09 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Short pyramidal to long prismatic, columnar, granular, massive.
Twinning:
Twinned domains observed at very fine scale.
Comment:
Vesuvianite can have space group P4/nnc, P4/n or P2/n. Observed range of unit-cell parameters: a = 15.4-15.7, c = 11.6-11.9 Å.
Crystallographic forms of Vesuvianite
Crystal Atlas:
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Vesuvianite no.57 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Vesuvianite no.89 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001044 | Vesuvianite | Fitzgerald S, Rheingold A L, Leavens P B (1986) Crystal structure of Cu-bearing vesuvianite American Mineralogist 71 1011-1014 |  | 1986 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001060 | Vesuvianite | Fitzgerald S, Rheingold A L, Leavens P B (1986) Crystal structure of a non-P4/nnc vesuvianite from Asbestos, Quebec American Mineralogist 71 1483-1488 | | 1986 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001092 | Vesuvianite | Fitzgerald S, Leavens P B, Rheingold A L, Nelen J A (1987) Crystal structure of a REE-bearing vesuvianite from San Benito County, California American Mineralogist 72 625-628 | | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001537 | Vesuvianite | Ohkawa M, Yoshiasa A, Takeno S (1992) Crystal chemistry of vesuvianite: Site preferences of square-pyramidal coordinated sites sample #1 from Sauland American Mineralogist 77 945-953 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001538 | Vesuvianite | Ohkawa M, Yoshiasa A, Takeno S (1992) Crystal chemistry of vesuvianite: Site preferences of square-pyramidal coordinated sites sample #2 from Sanpo American Mineralogist 77 945-953 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001539 | Vesuvianite | Ohkawa M, Yoshiasa A, Takeno S (1992) Crystal chemistry of vesuvianite: Site preferences of square-pyramidal coordinated sites sample #3 from Jinmu American Mineralogist 77 945-953 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001540 | Vesuvianite | Ohkawa M, Yoshiasa A, Takeno S (1992) Crystal chemistry of vesuvianite: Site preferences of square-pyramidal coordinated sites sample #4 from Chichibu American Mineralogist 77 945-953 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002419 | Vesuvianite | Armbruster T, Gnos E (2000) P4/n and P4nc long-ranged ordering in low-temperature vesuvianites American Mineralogist 85 563-569 | | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002420 | Vesuvianite | Armbruster T, Gnos E (2000) P4/n and P4nc long-ranged ordering in low-temperature vesuvianites American Mineralogist 85 563-569 | | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002421 | Vesuvianite | Armbruster T, Gnos E (2000) Tetrahedral vacancies and cation ordering in low-temperature Mn-bearing vesuvianites: Indication of a hydrogarnet-like substitution American Mineralogist 85 570-577 | | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019528 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Evans R J (2012) Crystal chemistry of Bi- and Mn-bearing vesuvianite from Langban, Sweden American Mineralogist 97 1627-1634 | 2012 | Langban,Sweden | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019529 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Evans R J (2012) Crystal chemistry of Bi- and Mn-bearing vesuvianite from Langban, Sweden American Mineralogist 97 1627-1634 | 2012 | Langban,Sweden | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020160 | Vesuvianite | Halenius U, Bosi F, Gatedal K (2013) Crystal structure and chemistry of skarn-associated bismuthian vesuvianite American Mineralogist 98 566-573 | 2013 | Langban Mn-Fe deposit, central Sweden | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019914 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Evans R J, Cempirek J, McCammon C, Houzar S (2013) Fe-rich and As-bearing vesuvianite and wiluite from Kozlov, Czech Republic American Mineralogist 98 1330-1337 | 2013 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0005100 | Vesuvianite | Rucklidge J C, Kocman V, Whitlow S H, Gabe E J (1975) The crystal structures of three Canadian vesuvianites The Canadian Mineralogist 13 15-21 | | 1975 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005101 | Vesuvianite | Rucklidge J C, Kocman V, Whitlow S H, Gabe E J (1975) The crystal structures of three Canadian vesuvianites The Canadian Mineralogist 13 15-21 | | 1975 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005102 | Vesuvianite | Rucklidge J C, Kocman V, Whitlow S H, Gabe E J (1975) The crystal structures of three Canadian vesuvianites The Canadian Mineralogist 13 15-21 | | 1975 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005282 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S (1992) The role of fluorine in vesuvianite: A crystal-structure study The Canadian Mineralogist 30 1065-1075 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005283 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S (1992) The role of fluorine in vesuvianite: A crystal-structure study The Canadian Mineralogist 30 1065-1075 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005284 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S (1992) The role of fluorine in vesuvianite: A crystal-structure study The Canadian Mineralogist 30 1065-1075 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005285 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S (1992) The role of fluorine in vesuvianite: A crystal-structure study The Canadian Mineralogist 30 1065-1075 | | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005515 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Hawthorne F C, Lager G A, Schultz A J, Ercit T S (1996) X-ray and neutron crystal-structure refinements of a boron-bearing vesuvianite The Canadian Mineralogist 34 1059-1070 | | 1996 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005516 | Vesuvianite | Groat L A, Hawthorne F C, Lager G A, Schultz A J, Ercit T S (1996) X-ray and neutron crystal-structure refinements of a boron-bearing vesuvianite The Canadian Mineralogist 34 1059-1070 | | 1996 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005551 | Vesuvianite | Pavese A, Prencipe M, Tribaudino M (1998) X-ray and neutron single-crystal study of P4/n vesuvianite The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1029-1037 | | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005552 | Vesuvianite | Pavese A, Prencipe M, Tribaudino M (1998) X-ray and neutron single-crystal study of P4/n vesuvianite The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1029-1037 | | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005604 | Vesuvianite | Lager G A, Xie Q, Ross F K, Rossman G R, Armbruster T, Rotella F J, Schultz A J (1999) Hydrogen-atom positions in P4/nnc vesuvianite The Canadian Mineralogist 37 763-768 | | 1999 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005861 | Vesuvianite | Galuskin E V, Armbruster T, Malsy A, Galuskina I O, Sitarz M (2003) Morphology, composition and structure of low-temperature P4/nnc high-fluorine vesuvianite whiskers from Polar Yakutia, Russia The Canadian Mineralogist 41 843-856 | | 2003 | Dokichan River, Tas-Khayakhtakh Mountains, Russia | 0 | 293 |
| 0005862 | Vesuvianite | Galuskin E V, Armbruster T, Malsy A, Galuskina I O, Sitarz M (2003) Morphology, composition and structure of low-temperature P4/nnc high-fluorine vesuvianite whiskers from Polar Yakutia, Russia The Canadian Mineralogist 41 843-856 | | 2003 | Dokichan River, Tas-Khayakhtakh Mountains, Russia | 0 | 293 |
| 0005863 | Vesuvianite | Galuskin E V, Armbruster T, Malsy A, Galuskina I O, Sitarz M (2003) Morphology, composition and structure of low-temperature P4/nnc high-fluorine vesuvianite whiskers from Polar Yakutia, Russia The Canadian Mineralogist 41 843-856 | | 2003 | Dokichan River, Tas-Khayakhtakh Mountains, Russia | 0 | 293 |
| 0006135 | Vesuvianite | Galuskin E V, Galuskina I O, Stadnicka K, Armbruster T, Kozanecki M (2007) The crystal structure of Si-deficient, OH-substituted, boron-bearing vesuvianite from the Wiluy River, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia The Canadian Mineralogist 45 239-248 | | 2007 | Wiluy River, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.759 Å | (100) |
| 2.599 Å | (80) |
| 1.625 Å | (80) |
| 2.948 Å | (60) |
| 2.465 Å | (60) |
| 2.128 Å | (50) |
| 1.767 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Canzoccoli, Italy.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 38 : Ophiolites |
Geological Setting:
Skarns or regional metamorphism of limestones.
Type Occurrence of Vesuvianite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany, no. 23278
Synonyms of Vesuvianite
Other Language Names for Vesuvianite
Croatian:Vezuvijan
Dutch:Vesuvianiet
Finnish:Vesuvianiitti
French:Vésuvianite
Vésuvienne
Vésuvienne
Hebrew:וזוביאניט
Hungarian:Vezuvián
Italian:Vesuvianite
Idocrasio
Idocrasio
Lithuanian:Vezuvianitas
Polish:Wezuwian
Portuguese:Vesuvianite
Russian:Везувиан
Serbian:Везувијан
Simplified Chinese:符山石
Swedish:Loboit
Varieties of Vesuvianite
| Beryllium-bearing Vesuvianite | A beryllium-bearing vesuvianite. Synonymous with "Beryllium vesuvianite". |
| Cerium-bearing Vesuvianite | A cerium-bearing variety of vesuvianite. |
| Chrome-Vesuvianite | A vesuvianite with chromium replacing some of the aluminium in its chemical composition. Most chrome-vesuvianites have Cr2O3 contents below 1 wt%, but in a few occasions, much higher contents were determined. The chrome-vesuvianites found as inclusions in... |
| Frugardite | A magnesian variety of vesuvianite. Originally described from Frugård, Mäntsälä, Etelä-Suomen Lääni, Finland. |
| High-Hydrated Si-Deficient Vesuvianite | Originally reported from Vilyui River Basin (Vilui River Basin; Wilui River Basin), Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia. Compare also cebollite. Somewhat misnamed: the mineral shows some substitution of Si by hydroge... |
| Manganese-bearing Vesuvianite | Manganese-bearing variety of vesuvianite, used without knowing the valance of the manganese. As the term "manganoan" has traditionally been reserved for a lower oxidation state of manganese (c.f. "manganian" for the higher oxidation state), "manganese-bea... |
| Xanthite | Variety of vesuvianite containing 2.80 wt% MnO. Originally described from Amity, Warwick Township, Orange Co., New York, USA. |
Relationship of Vesuvianite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Vesuvianite Group:
| Alumovesuvianite | Ca19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
| Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
| Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
| Hongheite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
| Magnesiovesuvianite | Ca19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
| Manaevite-(Ce) | (Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
| Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
| Milanriederite | (Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
| Modraite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Al6Fe2+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
| Wiluite | Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 321 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 278 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| 216 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 210 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 109 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 68 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Andradite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| 52 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| 48 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 42 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| 34 photos of Vesuvianite associated with Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.BG. | Alumovesuvianite | Ca19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG. | Alnaperbøeite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG. | Zilbermintsite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
| 9.BG. | Vielleaureite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG. | Heflikite | (CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG. | Magnesiovesuvianite | Ca19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG. | Zoisite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG. | Shuiskite-(Cr) | Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG. | Radekškodaite Group | |
| 9.BG.05 | Dissakisite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Sm) | (CaSm)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Hancockite | (CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Dollaseite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a v | Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote) | (CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Uedaite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Tweddillite | (CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Åskagenite-(Nd) | (Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O |
| 9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Akasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Manganiandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Akasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Khristovite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Androsite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)) | (CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Niigataite | (CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE | (Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Mukhinite | (CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Manganiakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.10 | Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.15 | Macfallite | Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.15 | Sursassite | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Al) | Ca2AlAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Okhotskite | Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Mg) | Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Poppiite | Ca2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.25 | Ganomalite | Pb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O |
| 9.BG.25 | Wayneburnhamite | Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3 |
| 9.BG.30 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2 |
| 9.BG.35 | Modraite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Al6Fe2+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Milanriederite | (Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Manaevite-(Ce) | (Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Hongheite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Wiluite | Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.40 | Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | (Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7 |
| 9.BG.45 | Dellaite | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Gatelite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.55 | Västmanlandite-(Ce) | CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(Ce) | (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Vesuvianite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Vesuvianite
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References for Vesuvianite
Reference List:
Klaproth, M. H. (1797) XXXI. 1. Untersuchung des Vesuvians, Vesuvian vom Vesuv. In Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper Vol. 2. Rottmann. p.27-32.
Warren, Β. E., Modell, D. I. (1931) The Structure of Vesuvianite Ca10Al4(Mg,Fe)2Si9O34(OH)4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 78 (1). 422-432 doi:10.1524/zkri.1931.78.1.422
Chatterjee, Niranjan Deb (1962) Vesuvianite-epidote paragenesis as a product of greenschist facies of regional metamorphism in the Western Alps. Beiträge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie, 8 (6). 432-439 doi:10.1007/bf01082095
Braitsch, Otto, Chatterjee, Niranjan Deb (1963) Metamorphe Mineralreaktionen in vesuvianführenden Paragenesen. Beiträge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie, 9 (4) 353-373 doi:10.1007/bf01128724
Murdoch, Joseph, Ingram, Blanche L. (1966) A cerian vesuvianite from California. American Mineralogist, 51 (3-4) 381-387
Giuseppetti, G., Mazzi, F. (1983) The crystal structure of a vesuvianite withP4/n symmetry. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 31 (3). 277-288 doi:10.1007/bf01081374
Hoisch, Thomas D. (1985) The solid solution chemistry of vesuvianite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 89 (2) 205-214 doi:10.1007/bf00379454
Fitzgerald, Sharon, Leavens, Peter B., Rheingold, Arnold L., Nelen, Joseph A. (1987) Crystal structure of a REE-bearing vesuvianite from San Benito County, California. American Mineralogist, 72 (5-6) 625-628
Veblen, David R., Wiechmann, Mark J. (1991) Domain structure of low-symmetry vesuvianite from Crestmore, California. American Mineralogist, 76 (3-4) 397-404
Ohkawa, Makio, Yoshiasa, Akira, Takeno, Setsuo (1992) Crystal chemistry of vesuvianite: Site preferences of square-pyramidal coordinated sites. American Mineralogist, 77 (9-10) 945-953
Armbruster, Thomas, Gnos, Edwin (2000) Tetrahedral vacancies and cation ordering in low-temperature Mn-bearing vesuvianites: Indication of a hydrogarnet-like substitution. American Mineralogist, 85 (3) 570-577 doi:10.2138/am-2000-0419
Panikorovskii, Taras, Chukanov, Nikita, Rusakov, Vyacheslav, Shilovskikh, Vladimir, Mazur, Anton, Balassone, Giuseppina, Ivanyuk, Gregory, Krivovichev, Sergey (2017) Vesuvianite from the Somma-Vesuvius Complex: New Data and Revised Formula. Minerals, 7 (12) 248 doi:10.3390/min7120248
Chukanov, Nikita V., Panikorovskii, Taras L., Goncharov, Alexey G., Pekov, Igor V., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Britvin, Sergey N., Möckel, Steffen, Vozchikova, Svetlana A. (2019) Milanriederite, (Ca,REE)19Fe3+Al4(Mg,Al,Fe3+)8Si18O68(OH,O)10, a new vesuvianite-group mineral from the Kombat Mine, Namibia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (3) 637-646 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2856
Localities for Vesuvianite
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(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
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All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Case Collina, Pitigliano, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy