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Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Lermi, Abdurrahman (2025) Geological, Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Petrogenetic Characteristics of Plutonic Rocks in Çiftehan (Ulukışla-Niğde) Area, South-Central Türkiye: Implication for Genetic Link with Fe-Zn Skarn Mineralization. Minerals, 15 (6). doi:10.3390/min15060578

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Reference TypeJournal (article/letter/editorial)
TitleGeological, Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Petrogenetic Characteristics of Plutonic Rocks in Çiftehan (Ulukışla-Niğde) Area, South-Central Türkiye: Implication for Genetic Link with Fe-Zn Skarn Mineralization
JournalMinerals
AuthorsSunkari, Emmanuel DaanobaAuthor
Lermi, AbdurrahmanAuthor
Year2025Volume<   15   >
Issue<   6   >
URL
DOIdoi:10.3390/min15060578Search in ResearchGate
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Mindat Ref. ID18484536Long-form Identifiermindat:1:5:18484536:1
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Full ReferenceSunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Lermi, Abdurrahman (2025) Geological, Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Petrogenetic Characteristics of Plutonic Rocks in Çiftehan (Ulukışla-Niğde) Area, South-Central Türkiye: Implication for Genetic Link with Fe-Zn Skarn Mineralization. Minerals, 15 (6). doi:10.3390/min15060578
Plain TextSunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Lermi, Abdurrahman (2025) Geological, Mineralogical, Geochemical, and Petrogenetic Characteristics of Plutonic Rocks in Çiftehan (Ulukışla-Niğde) Area, South-Central Türkiye: Implication for Genetic Link with Fe-Zn Skarn Mineralization. Minerals, 15 (6). doi:10.3390/min15060578
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Abstract/NotesGlobally, most skarn deposits show a direct relationship with magmatic activity, indicating a genetic link between the geochemical composition of causative plutons and the metal content of associated skarns. Therefore, this study investigated the Early–Middle Eocene plutonic rocks and their relationship with Fe-Zn skarn deposits in the Esendemirtepe-Koçak and Horoz areas of south-central Türkiye. Despite the regional significance, previous studies have not adequately addressed the petrogenetic evolution of these intrusions and the geochemical characteristics of the related skarns. In particular, the fluid-aided mobility of elements at the contact between the causative plutons and the volcano-sedimentary country rocks remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, field studies, petrographic and mineralogical analysis, and whole-rock geochemical analysis were conducted to investigate the genetic link between the plutonic rocks and the skarn deposits. Field studies reveal that the skarn zones are within volcano-sedimentary sequences and marble-schist units intruded by four distinct plutonic bodies: (1) Esendemirtepe diorite, (2) Koçak diorite, (3) Horoz granodiorite, and (4) Çifteköy monzogabbro. These rocks exhibit calc-alkaline, I-type, and metaluminous signatures, except for the Çifteköy monzogabbro, which shows I-type, tholeiitic, and alkaline characteristics. All the plutonic rocks associated with the skarn formation display steep LREE-enriched REE patterns with minor positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.98–1.35), suggesting a subduction-related volcanic arc setting similar to other granitoids in the Ulukışla Basin. The Horoz skarn exhibits both endoskarn and exoskarn features, while the Esendemirtepe-Koçak deposit is characterized by typical exoskarn features. Dominant ore minerals in both skarn deposits include magnetite, hematite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite, with minor arsenopyrite, galena, and cobaltite. The mineral composition of the skarn also shows the dominance of Na-rich and Mg-rich minerals in both locations. The geochemical compositions of the I-type, metaluminous Esendemirtepe-Koçak, and Horoz plutonic rocks are compatible with Fe-Zn skarn type deposits based on the moderate MgO (0.36–4.44 wt.%) and K2O (1.38–7.99 wt.%), and Rb/Zr and Sr/Zr ratios. They also show typical volcanic arc features, and the variation in various trace element concentrations shows similarity with Fe-Zn skarn type granitoids. These findings support a strong genetic relationship between the mineralization and the geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the associated plutonic rocks.

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Esendemirtepe-Koçak, Ulukisla District, Niğde Province, Turkey
Horoz, Ulukisla District, Niğde Province, Turkey

Mineral Occurrences

LocalityMineral(s)
Esendemirtepe-Koçak, Ulukisla District, Niğde Province, Turkey Actinolite, Aegirine, Albite, Amphibole Supergroup, Andradite, Andradite-Grossular Series, Biotite, Breccia, Calcite, Calcium Amphibole Subgroup, Chalcopyrite, Chlorite Group, Clinochlore, Clinopyroxene Subgroup, Diopside, Diorite, Dolomite, Endoskarn, Enstatite, Epidote, Exoskarn, Feldspar Group, Garnet Group, Grossular, Gypsum, Hedenbergite, Hematite, Hornblende, Hornfels, Illite, Magnetite, Microcline, Muscovite, Natrojarosite, Orthoclase, Orthopyroxene Subgroup, Paragonite, Pargasite, Plagioclase, Pyroxene Group, Quartz, Riebeckite, Sanidine, Skarn, Spinel, Tremolite, Volcanic breccia
Horoz, Ulukisla District, Niğde Province, Turkey Actinolite, Albite, Amesite, Amphibole Supergroup, Andradite, Anthophyllite, Augite, Calcite, Clinochlore, Diopside, Dolomite, Endoskarn, Epidote, Exoskarn, Garnet Group, Granitoid, Granodiorite, Grossular, Kaolinite, Marble, Muscovite, Orthoclase, Pargasite, Piemontite, Pyroxene Group, Quartz, Riebeckite, Schist, Skarn, Sphalerite, Talc, Vermiculite


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