Aplowite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Aplowite
Albert P. Low
Formula:
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O
Colour:
Bright pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
2.33
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Albert Peter Low (24 May 1861, Montreal, Quebec, Canada - 9 October 1942, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada), geologist and former director of the Geological Survey of Canada. His explorations of 1893–1895 were important in declaring Canada's sovereignty over the Arctic.
Rozenite Group. The Co analogue of rozenite, ilesite, etc. Chemically also analogous to drobecite (same point group, different space group).
It is a higher hydrate when compared to cobaltkieserite, and lower hydrate when compared to bieberite and moorhouseite.
It is a higher hydrate when compared to cobaltkieserite, and lower hydrate when compared to bieberite and moorhouseite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
282
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:282:8
IMA Classification of Aplowite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Co(SO4) · 4H2O
First published:
1965
Classification of Aplowite
7.CB.15
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 7th ed.:
29.6.6.4
29.6.6.4
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.12.3
25 : Sulphates
12 : Sulphates of Co and Ni
25 : Sulphates
12 : Sulphates of Co and Ni
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Apw | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Aplowite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Bright pink
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Comment:
Ca. 3
Density:
2.33 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.36 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Aplowite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.528 nγ = 1.536
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.008
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak
Chemistry of Aplowite
Mindat Formula:
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO4 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Mn,Ni
Crystallography of Aplowite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.93 Å, b = 13.54 Å, c = 7.88 Å
β = 90.55°
β = 90.55°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.438 : 1 : 0.582
Unit Cell V:
632.67 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Space group is P21/n
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0010272 | Aplowite | Kellersohn T (1992) Structure of cobalt sulfate tetrahydrate Acta Crystallographica C48 776-779 |  | 1992 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.46 Å | (100) |
| 5.44 Å | (90) |
| 3.95 Å | (80) |
| 2.95 Å | (70) |
| 3.39 Å | (60) |
| 3.22 Å | (50) |
| 6.78 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Walton mine, Nova Scotia, Canada. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Aplowite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Efflorescences with sulfides
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada, 12145
Canadian Geological Survey, Ottawa, Canada, 12145
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Efflorescences from a hydrothermal sulphide orebody associated with a large barite deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Aplowite
Other Language Names for Aplowite
Relationship of Aplowite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Rozenite Group:
| Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Aplowite associated with Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 1 photo of Aplowite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | MgSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co(SO4) · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | FeSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu)(SO4) · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | CoSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | CuSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | MnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | 3CdSO4 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | Caichengyunite | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | (Fe2+,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | (Co,Mg,Ni)Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Water soluble.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Aplowite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-282.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Aplowite
Reference List:
Jambor, John L., Boyle, Robert W. (1965) Moorhouseite and aplowite, new cobalt minerals from Walton, Nova Scotia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 8 (2) 166-171
Localities for Aplowite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada (TL) | |
| Transactions of the Canadian Institute ... +1 other reference |
China | |
| Niu et al. (2023) |
| Niu et al. (2023) | |
Costa Rica | |
| Ulloa et al. (2018) |
Greece | |
| Hanke et al. (1994) |
| Rieck (n.d.) | |
| Skarpelis et al. (2004) |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2019) |
Russia | |
| |
| E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest ... |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
USA | |
| U. S. Geological Survey Open-File ... |
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Walton baryte mine, Walton, Hants Co., Nova Scotia, Canada